Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2015
Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular cannulation of the right brachiocephalic vein in small infants: a consecutive, prospective case series.
The supraclavicular ultrasound (US)-guided cannulation of the brachiocephalic vein (BCV) is one option of central venous line placement in infants. ⋯ The sonographic view obtainable of the entire longitudinal extension of the right BCV resulted in significantly fewer required cannulation attempts.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2015
Nares-to-carina distance in children: does a 'modified Morgan formula' give useful guidance during nasal intubation?
Knowledge of the normal nares-to-carina (NC) distance might prevent accidental bronchial intubation and be helpful when designing preformed endotracheal tubes (ETT). ⋯ The study confirms previous reports: NC distance can be well predicted from height/length. A modified Morgan formula might decrease the risk for accidental endobronchial intubation in infants and children, but ETT position need to be confirmed by auscultation or other verification.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparison of caudal bupivacaine alone with bupivacaine plus two doses of dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing infra-umbilical surgery: a randomized controlled double-blinded study.
Data are still insufficient about the effects of different concentrations of caudal dexmedetomidine when used to prolong postoperative analgesia in children. The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic efficacy and side effects of two doses of caudal dexmedetomidine (1 and 2 μg·kg(-1)) co-administered with bupivacaine in terms of postoperative pain scores and requirement of postoperative analgesia over 24 h in children undergoing infra-umbilical surgery. ⋯ A 1 μg·kg(-1) dose of caudal dexmedetomidine achieved comparable prolongation of postoperative analgesia to 2 μg·kg(-1) dose, with shorter duration of postoperative sedation and lower incidence of other side effects.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialThe effects of bispectral index monitoring on hemodynamics and recovery profile in developmentally delayed pediatric patients undergoing dental surgery.
General anesthesia is often preferred for dental surgery or rehabilitation in developmentally delayed pediatric patients. Bispectral index monitoring is used to monitor the depth of anesthesia and to ensure early recovery. However, studies on the topic in developmentally delayed pediatric patients are limited. ⋯ In conclusion, results suggest that routine BIS monitoring may be beneficial due to its favorable effects on the recovery profile in developmentally delayed pediatric patients.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialThe effect of infraorbital nerve block on emergence agitation in children undergoing cleft lip surgery under general anesthesia with sevoflurane.
Sevoflurane is widely used in pediatric anesthesia. However, a high incidence of emergence agitation (EA) after general anesthesia with sevoflurane has been reported and pain has been regarded as a significant contributing factor. The objective of this prospective randomized, placebo-controlled trial was to determine whether infraorbital nerve block reduces EA in children undergoing repair of cleft lip after sevoflurane. ⋯ In children undergoing cleft lip repair surgery, infraorbital nerve block at the beginning of surgery significantly decreased the incidence of EA and the duration of EA, and provided satisfactory postoperative analgesia without delaying the time to extubation with sevoflurane anesthesia.