Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialThe effect of infraorbital nerve block on emergence agitation in children undergoing cleft lip surgery under general anesthesia with sevoflurane.
Sevoflurane is widely used in pediatric anesthesia. However, a high incidence of emergence agitation (EA) after general anesthesia with sevoflurane has been reported and pain has been regarded as a significant contributing factor. The objective of this prospective randomized, placebo-controlled trial was to determine whether infraorbital nerve block reduces EA in children undergoing repair of cleft lip after sevoflurane. ⋯ In children undergoing cleft lip repair surgery, infraorbital nerve block at the beginning of surgery significantly decreased the incidence of EA and the duration of EA, and provided satisfactory postoperative analgesia without delaying the time to extubation with sevoflurane anesthesia.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2015
Observational StudyIncidence of bradycardia at arrival to the operating room after oral or intravenous premedication with clonidine in children.
Clonidine has been advocated as a valid alternative for premedication in children but one of the few limitations is its association with reduced heart rate (HR), which thus raises the question of the safety of clonidine as premedication in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of bradycardia in children premedicated with oral or intravenous clonidine as compared to children not receiving pharmacologic premedication. ⋯ The incidence of bradycardia following oral or intravenous premedication with clonidine in a pediatric population scheduled for anesthesia is low. Thus, it does not appear rational to refrain from using clonidine as premedication in children only due to fear of bradycardia.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2015
Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular cannulation of the right brachiocephalic vein in small infants: a consecutive, prospective case series.
The supraclavicular ultrasound (US)-guided cannulation of the brachiocephalic vein (BCV) is one option of central venous line placement in infants. ⋯ The sonographic view obtainable of the entire longitudinal extension of the right BCV resulted in significantly fewer required cannulation attempts.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2015
High-dose dexmedetomidine for noninvasive pediatric procedural sedation and discharge readiness.
The University of North Carolina's (UNC) Pediatric Sedation Service adopted a noninvasive procedural sedation protocol that uses dexmedetomidine in children based on review of literature that reported fast recovery times and low morbidity. This study aimed to compare dexmedetomidine discharge readiness times observed at UNC with those previously published with a hypothesis that the discharge times at UNC are longer than those previously published. A secondary aim was to evaluate the safety profile of the protocol. ⋯ Dexmedetomidine arousal and discharge times observed at UNC were longer than anticipated when compared to literature. The safety profile of the drug was comparable to prior studies.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2015
Observational StudyIntranasal dexmedetomidine for sedation in children undergoing transthoracic echocardiography study-a prospective observational study.
Intranasal dexmedetomidine has been used for sedation in children undergoing nonpainful procedures. ⋯ Sedation by intranasal dexmedetomidine at 3 mcg·kg(-1) is associated with acceptable success rate in children undergoing echocardiography with no adverse events in this cohort.