Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Aug 2006
Randomized Controlled TrialOral clonidine premedication reduces minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane for laryngeal mask airway insertion in children.
Sevoflurane is widely employed for inhalational induction in children. Clonidine deepens volatile anesthetics and reduces several types of MAC of sevoflurane. Laryngeal mask airway is a useful device for pediatric anesthesia. The aim of the current study was to determine whether oral clonidine premedication can reduce MAC of sevoflurane for an LMA insertion in children. ⋯ Oral clonidine premedication reduced the MAC (EC50) and EC95 values of sevoflurane for LMA insertion by 38% and 28%, respectively.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Aug 2006
Rocuronium 0.3 mg x kg-1 (ED95) induces a normal peak effect but an altered time course of neuromuscular block in patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.
In patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) recovery from neuromuscular block is delayed. It has been assumed that this is because of a higher potency of muscle relaxants in this patient cohort. We determined the peak effect, and the time course of action of rocuronium 0.3 mg x kg(-1) (ED(95)) in DMD patients. ⋯ The similar peak effect in both groups does not confirm the thesis of rocuronium having a higher potency in DMD patients. The documented very long recovery after the ED(95) of rocuronium emphasizes the need for careful assessment of neuromuscular function in DMD patients.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Aug 2006
Randomized Controlled TrialThe effects of caudal local anesthesia blockade on the Bispectral Index during general anesthesia in children.
Peripheral deafferentation induced by epidural or spinal anesthesia reduces the degree of cortical arousal in adults. This study aimed at determining if caudal blockade decreases the level of arousal, as measured by Bispectral Index (BIS) in unstimulated children, and to determine if this effect differed between age groups. ⋯ Caudal blockade decreased the degree of arousal, as measured by BIS, in unstimulated children aged 2-5 years. No change in arousal was detected in infants.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Aug 2006
Case ReportsContinuous infraclavicular brachial plexus block in a child.
Continuous regional anesthesia for both intra- and postoperative use in adults is becoming more common. As with many new anesthesia techniques, however, there is often a lag time before the same techniques are utilized in children. ⋯ A search of the literature from the last 10 years did not show any reports of the placements of a continuous brachial plexus block in children. In this case report, we present the successful placement and use of a continuous infraclavicular catheter in a child undergoing upper extremity surgery.