Paediatric anaesthesia
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1999
Case ReportsDifficult airway management in the neonate: a simple method of intubating through a laryngeal mask airway.
Tracheal intubation through a laryngeal mask airway is one option for securing an airway in the patient with a difficult airway. A variety of techniques and equipment have been used to stabilize the position of the tracheal tube while removing the laryngeal mask airway. We have shown that if a fibreoptic bronchoscope is used to place an tracheal tube through a laryngeal mask in neonates, additional equipment is not needed to remove the laryngeal mask airway without endangering tracheal tube placement. This is possible even in small neonates.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1999
Evaluation of the efficiency of heat and moisture exchangers during paediatric anaesthesia.
This study evaluates the efficiency of heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) in allowing adequate humidification and warming during anaesthesia in children. Eighteen paediatric patients undergoing anaesthesia were divided into two groups: group A ten patients: infants up to 10 kg-->Hygrobaby HME; group B 8 patients: children above 10 kg-->Hygroboy HME. The following parameters were evaluated: body temperature (bT), room temperature (rT), fresh gas temperature, HME warm-up time, inspired and expired gases temperature and humidity, conserving efficiency, and duration of anaesthesia. ⋯ The conserving efficiency was good (0.93 in both groups). A positive correlation was found between efficiency and fresh gas temperature. HMEs did not meet the minimum standards for humidity and heating during anaesthesia in children, although their conserving efficiency was found to be satisfactory.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1999
Pulmonary atelectasis during paediatric anaesthesia: CT scan evaluation and effect of positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP).
The case series consisted of ten children, ranged in age from one to three years (median 1.8 yrs), and in body weight from 10.2 to 13.5 kg (median 11.7 kg), in ASA class 1 or 2, all without lung disease. Having undergone general anaesthesia for cranial or abdominal CT scans, the patients were studied for pulmonary morphology. The first pulmonary CT scan was taken five min after induction of general inhalational anaesthesia; preoxygenation was avoided and an intraoperative FiO2
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1999
Clinical TrialLaryngeal mask for difficult intubation in children.
We present a new intubation technique using an oral preformed tracheal tube passed through a laryngeal mask. Six patients (neonate to six months old) with craniofacial malformations of head and neck and scheduled for reconstructive plastic surgery are the basis of this report. An inhalation induction with increasing doses of halothane in oxygen while maintaining spontaneous ventilation was performed. ⋯ Once the mask was removed, the stylet was disconnected, and the 15 mm connector reattached. Our experience was that this takes about 20 to 30 s. We recommended this technique in paediatric patients in which a difficult intubation is foreseen.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1999
Case ReportsThe epidural dorsomedian septum as a possible cause for unilateral anaesthesia in an infant.
Unilateral epidural anaesthesia occurring in an infant is reported. An epidurogram revealed the presence of a midline structure suggestive of the dorsomedian septum. Epidural anatomy is reviewed and implications for threading epidural catheters in infants are discussed.