Journal of clinical nursing
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To determine which routine nursing procedures performed on conscious intensive care unit (ICU) patients were painful and which routine procedures were not painful. ⋯ Nurses need to recognise of the fact that routine procedures can cause pain and to use analgesia appropriately to minimize this pain. Practice guidelines should recommend that pain relieving measures be considered as part of routine procedural instructions. Analgesic prescription and administration could be improved for this patient group.
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To use the previously validated Jones Dependency Tool to establish current patterns in the dependency of patients attending the Emergency Department of an inner city teaching hospital, thereby informing present and future decisions regarding nursing numbers and grade mix. ⋯ Dependency can be readily and repeatedly assessed and we recommend this approach to other Emergency Departments.