Medicina intensiva
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Recently, the work group made up of the National Transplant Organization (Organización Nacional de Trasplantes, ONT), Spanish Society of Intensive, Critical Medicine and Coronary Units (Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y de Unidades Coronarias, SEMICYUC) and other Scientific Societies have recommended using 15 mg/kg of methyl prednisolone during the management of lung donors after brain death. This recommendation is based on descriptive and retrospective studies. However, the review of different experimental and clinical studies also suggests a potential benefit of using steroids in either thoracic or abdominal organ donors during management strategies. ⋯ It would be very recommendable to carry out prospective and comparative studies to demonstrate these potential utilities. Meanwhile and knowing the deleterious effects of inflammatory activity arising during and after brain death, we recommend using 15 mg/kg of methyl prednisolone in the organ donor management, as soon as possible. The potential benefit of its immunomodulation effects, its low cost and the absence of major side effects can justify this recommendation.
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Static pressure-volume curves of the respiratory system from patients with acute lung injury have been extensively studied as a marker of aeration and recruitment phenomena and as a tool to set mechanical ventilation. The inflection points of these curves allow to identify both the pressures in which recruitment starts and finishes and those in which derecruitment starts. However, setting the ventilatory parameters based on these curves has some problems, derived from the fact that setting PEEP and plateau pressures in these patients must balance between the benefits of recruitment and the risks of overstretching caused by high pressures. It remains to be determined if new data derived from these curves are useful to optimize ventilatory settings or to predict the response of a patient to a change in the ventilatory settings.
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Case Reports
[Study of a brain microcirculation in cranioencephalic trauma using the Side Stream Field (SDF) system].
Posttraumatic tissular hypoxia can be due to multiple causes, including microcirculation disturbances, which can be studied with the SDF (Side Stream Dark Field) system. This system is based on a small hand-held microscope that eliminates directly reflected green polarised light from an organ surface using an orthogonal analyser. It offers clear images of red and white blood cells flow through microcirculation. ⋯ Both imaging and quantitative analyses showed significant differences in the cerebral microcirculatory status in these patients. Total length and density of vessels were markedly reduced in the TBI patient. SDF imaging allows direct and non-invasive in vivo observation of cerebral microcirculation, and may allow us to deepen our knowledge of the pathophysiology of posttraumatic brain ischemia.
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To evaluate the hospital mortality risk for patients transported from a regional hospital to its second-level reference hospital using several scoring systems: Rapid Acute Physiology Score (RAPS), Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS), SAPS II and APACHE II. ⋯ The severity of illness measured with APACHE II and SAPS II is able to identify those patients with a higher predictive of mortality. It is a priority to have the right previous stabilization and the adequately trained team to provide care during the transfer, when facing lengthy journey times.