Medicina intensiva
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To investigate the applications and effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in critically ill patients in ICU by means of a systematic review. ⋯ The selected studies showed that NMES has good results when used for the maintenance of muscle mass and strength in critically ill patients in ICU. Future studies with high methodological quality should be conducted to provide more evidence for the use of NMES in an ICU setting.
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Multiorgan failure remains one of the leading causes of late morbidity and mortality after severe trauma. In the early phase, it is related with an uncontrolled hyper-inflammation state, whereas in the late phase (>72 h), septic complications play a major role. We review the underlying pathophysiology, the evaluation with different scales and the clinical factors associated with multiorgan failure, as well as potential treatment options.
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Observational Study
Cortical spreading depolarization phenomena in patients with traumatic and ischemic brain injuries. Results of a pilot study.
To determine the frequency and duration of cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) and CSD-like episodes in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) requiring craniotomy. ⋯ Episodes of CSD and CSD-like phenomena are frequently detected in the ischemic penumbra and/or traumatic cortical regions of patients with MMCAI who require decompressive craniectomy or of patients with contusional TBI.
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Observational Study
Red cell transfusion and long-term survival in non-complicated heart surgery.
A study was made to explore the possible association between the perioperative transfusion of 1 - 2 red blood cell units and in-hospital morbidity, 30-day mortality, and long-term survival in patients undergoing heart surgery. ⋯ The perioperative transfusion of 1 - 2 red blood cell units in patients undergoing heart surgery increases both hospital morbidity and the 30-day mortality rate, but does not increase long-term mortality.