American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Sep 2007
Review Practice GuidelineInternational recommendations on antiretroviral drugs for treatment of HIV-infected women and prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in resource-limited settings: 2006 update.
The World Health Organization recommends that countries adopt more effective antiretroviral regimens to increase the effectiveness of the prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission programs. The 2006 guidelines recommend a tiered approach for the delivery of antiretroviral to pregnant women who are infected with HIV and include triple-drug antiretroviral treatment for those women who are eligible. ⋯ Although steps are being taken to provide more effective regimens, the use of single-dose nevirapine alone should still be used in situations in which more effective regimens are not yet feasible or available. HIV transmission through breastfeeding remains a problem, and several interventions are under evaluation that include maternal and/or infant antiretroviral prophylaxis during breastfeeding.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of preterm acidosis and its risk factors. ⋯ In preterm infants, umbilical artery acidosis is significantly more common in the presence of placental abruption, fetal distress, and histologic evidence of placental vascular disease.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Sep 2007
Comparative StudyBetamethasone vs dexamethasone for the prevention of morbidity in very-low-birthweight neonates.
The purpose of this study was to compare neonatal outcomes in very-low-birthweight infants who were exposed to antenatal betamethasone vs dexamethasone. ⋯ Antenatal betamethasone was associated with a significantly lower rate of pulmonary complications caused by prematurity, when compared with dexamethasone.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Sep 2007
Vascular endothelial growth factor gene +936 C/T polymorphism is associated with preeclampsia in Korean women.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential associations between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene polymorphisms and preeclampsia. ⋯ Carriage of the +936T allele of the VEGF gene may be associated with increased susceptibility to the development of preeclampsia and may be an independent risk factor for preeclampsia.
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Transdermal drug delivery systems have been available in the United States for >20 years. Since the introduction of the first transdermal patch (scopolamine) for the treatment of motion sickness, >35 transdermal patch products have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for a variety of indications that include hormone replacement therapy, nicotine replacement therapy, chronic pain (fentanyl), angina (nitroglycerin), hypertension (clonidine), and more recently, overactive bladder (oxybutynin), and contraception (ethinyl estradiol/norelgestromin). Clinical data demonstrated the efficacy and safety of the contraceptive patch; however, concerns regarding estrogen levels and reports of venous thromboembolism led to the development of 2 epidemiologic studies and, subsequently, revised product labeling. Despite this, the contraceptive patch may be an appropriate option for some patients.