American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Jun 1994
Clinical TrialIntrathecal narcotics for obstetric analgesia in a community hospital.
Our objective was to establish whether intrathecal narcotics for obstetric analgesia offer an adequate and cost-effective alternative to epidural analgesia with minimal side effects in our small, semirural community hospital with limited anesthesia coverage. ⋯ In our hospital with limited anesthesia services intrathecal narcotics offer excellent labor pain relief with manageable side effects and without adverse obstetric outcome.
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Persistent bleeding is a common reason for the discontinuation of contraception. Standard terminology for describing bleeding patterns by reference period is presented. Observed bleeding patterns with oral contraceptives, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, the levonorgestrel subdermal implant, and intrauterine devices are described. ⋯ Published studies suggest that oral contraceptives containing new nonandrogenic progestins have bleeding patterns as acceptable as older low estrogen formulations. Approaches to the evaluation and treatment of intermenstrual bleeding with contraceptive methods are reviewed. Patient education on expected bleeding patterns is essential to compliance and continuation.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · May 1994
Investigation of the acid-base balance of coelomic and amniotic fluids in early human pregnancy.
The aim of our study was to analyze and compare the acid-base status of coelomic and amniotic fluids in early human pregnancy. ⋯ The coelomic fluid composition was indicative of an anaerobic metabolic acidosis probably related to the accumulation of acid compounds from placental metabolism. During the same period of gestation the composition of the amniotic fluid demonstrated a metabolic alkalosis that probably arises from the accumulation of basic substances through the unkeratinized embryonic skin and from the metabolism of organic anions in the embryonic tissues. The changes in the amniotic composition and acid-base balance at the end of the first trimester may correspond to the switch from the mesonephros to the metanephros and result from the excretion in the amniotic fluid of acid metabolic fetal bioproducts through the maturing kidneys.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Feb 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialAdolescents and colposcopy: the use of different procedures to reduce anxiety.
Two consecutively occurring studies examined whether using a video colposcope to view this procedure or allowing the female adolescent to watch music videos would reduce anxiety and related body movements. ⋯ Results suggest that allowing a female adolescent to watch music videos during a colposcopic examination appears to decrease body movements associated with discomfort.