American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Dec 1990
Inhibition of spontaneous uterine contractions during the last trimester in pregnant baboons by an oxytocin antagonist.
The effect of a potent oxytocin antagonist, produced in our laboratories, on spontaneous uterine contractions in the pregnant baboon was examined. Three types of uterine contractions were studied: immediately after operation, during the nocturnal period, and near or at labor. ⋯ In contrast, uterine contractions immediately after operation were diminished by only 60% within 60 minutes after the oxytocin antagonist. These results indicate that the oxytocin antagonist is a potent inhibitor and suggest that oxytocin is a primary regulator of spontaneous nocturnal and labor uterine contractions in the pregnant baboon.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Nov 1990
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialSurgical staples in cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial.
This randomized controlled trial compares the use of the Auto Suture Poly CS 57 disposable surgical stapler (n = 98) with standard hysterectomy (n = 102) in low transverse cesarean sections. Subjective assessment of blood loss by the surgeon resulted in lower mean (+/- SEM) total blood loss estimates in the stapled group (492 +/- 24 ml) than in the nonstapled group (579 +/- 38 ml) (p = 0.05). ⋯ The risk of febrile morbidity, the frequency of endometritis, and the length of hospitalization were similar in the two groups. Our results do not support the routine use of the Auto Suture Poly CS 57 disposable surgical stapler in low transverse cesarean sections.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Nov 1990
Fetal eye movement assessed with real-time ultrasonography: are there rapid and slow eye movements?
The goal of this study was to determine whether rapid eye movement and slow eye movement exist during the eye-movement period in the human fetus in utero. We studied 21 fetuses with real-time ultrasonography, 10 from 33 to 36 weeks and 11 from 37 to 41 weeks' gestation. We used the duration of eye-movement unit as a parameter and calculated the cumulative duration from the shortest to a given duration of eye movement per individual case. ⋯ These findings reveal two different types of eye movement: one with a duration of less than 0.6 to 0.8 second and the other with a duration of greater than 0.6 to 0.8 second. These findings are compatible with previous criteria on rapid and slow eye movements, respectively, at 33 weeks of gestation onward. The mean value of cumulative duration at the critical point increased from 29.0% between 33 and 36 weeks to 47.1% between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation, indicating an increase in the proportionate amount of time maintaining rapid eye movement as gestation advances.
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The risk of myocardial infarction in contraceptive users is limited to women over 35 years of age who smoke. The cause of myocardial infarction in oral contraceptive users is thrombotic and not atherosclerotic. Minor lipid changes have no clinical relevance to myocardial infarction in contraceptive pill users and do not appear to increase coronary plaques.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Sep 1990
Magnesium sulfate and promethazine do not interact to cause hypotension in gravid ewes.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether magnesium sulfate and promethazine interact to cause hypotension in gravid ewes. Fifteen experiments were performed in five chronically instrumented animals between 125 and 130 days of timed gestation (term = 145 days). In one group of experiments each animal received magnesium sulfate (4 gm intravenous bolus followed by 4 gm/hr intravenous infusion) then promethazine (50 mg intravenously). ⋯ Maternal and fetal arterial blood gas and acid-base values did not change in any group, except that there was a small, near-significant decrease (p = 0.06) in fetal pH 10 minutes after promethazine was given in the magnesium sulfate-promethazine group. We conclude that magnesium sulfate and promethazine did not interact to cause maternal hypotension in normovolemic gravid ewes. However, promethazine increased maternal heart rate and blunted the increase in uterine blood flow associated with magnesium sulfate.