The American journal on addictions
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We describe lifetime rates of club drug use among 782 youths in treatment for substance abuse. Rates (%) for youths under eighteen (N = 486) were methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 32.3; gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), 7.0; lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 48.6; ketamine, 18.3; and methamphetamine, 30.2. ⋯ Youths reported using club drugs frequently outside of rave settings. Club drug use is common among youths in treatment for substance abuse and has spread beyond the rave culture.
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Comparative Study
Suicide risk in depressed methadone-maintained patients: associations with clinical and demographic characteristics.
Patients with both depression and drug dependence are at an elevated risk for suicide, yet suicide remains rare and difficult to predict. Clinical and demographic features associated with suicide risk among depressed opiate-dependent patients were examined using baseline data from the Addiction Severity Index and Hamilton Depression Scale. ⋯ Family conflict and depression severity correlated with current suicidal ideation. When evaluating opiate-dependent patients with depressive disorders, these features should be considered in efforts to identify those at heightened risk for suicide and plan interventions.
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In October 2002, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration approved buprenorphine-naloxone (Suboxone) sublingual tablets as an opioid dependence treatment available for use outside traditionally licensed opioid treatment programs. ⋯ Of eighteen serious adverse events reported, only one was possibly related to buprenorphine-naloxone. All providers successfully integrated buprenorphine-naloxone into their existing treatment milieus. Overall, data from the CTN field experience suggest that buprenorphine-naloxone is practical and safe for use in diverse community treatment settings, including those with minimal experience providing opioid-based pharmacotherapy and/or medical detoxification for opioid dependence.
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In most European countries, methadone treatment is provided to only 20-30% of opiate abusers who need treatment due to regulations and concerns about safety. To address this need in France, all registered medical doctors since 1995 have been allowed to prescribe buprenorphine (BUP) without any special education or licensing. This led to treating approximately 65,000 patients per year with BUP, about ten times more than with more restrictive methadone policies. ⋯ Opiate overdose deaths have declined substantially (by 79%) since BUP was introduced in 1995. Newborn opiate withdrawal in mothers treated with buprenorphine compared to methadone was reported to be less frequent, less severe, and of shorter duration. Although some of the public health benefits seen during the time of buprenorphine expansion in France might be contingent upon characteristics of the French health and social services system, the French model raises questions about the value of tight regulations on prescribing BUP imposed by many countries throughout the world.