Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neck infections are common in children, though the clinical presentation is often vague and nonspecific. Therefore, imaging plays a key role in identifying the site and extent of infections, evaluating for potentially drainable collections, and assessing for airway and vascular complications. This review focuses on imaging features associated with common and characteristic neck infections in children to include tonsillar, retropharyngeal, and otomastoid infections; suppurative adenopathy; superimposed inflammation or infection of congenital cystic lesions; and Lemierre syndrome.
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Odontogenic and sinogenic infections are frequently encountered in the pediatric population. Although the diagnosis is often suspected clinically, imaging can play a significant role in localizing the site of infection, assessing for involvement of deep neck spaces, detection of abscess and other potentially life-threatening complications, and providing valuable information to help with treatment planning. This article reviews the general imaging considerations and anatomy relevant to odontogenic and paranasal sinus infections and describes the salient clinical and imaging features of infectious diseases of the dentition and sinuss.
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There is a wide variety of disease entities in children, which can present with cervical adenopathy. The spectrum of pathology and imaging appearance differs in many cases from that seen in adults. This review aims to compare the strengths and limitations of the various imaging modalities available to image pediatric patients presenting with cervical adenopathy, provide guidance on when to image, and highlight the imaging appearance of both common and uncommon disorders affecting the cervical nodes in children to aid the radiologist in their clinical practice.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2023
ReviewIntradural Extramedullary Tumors and Associated Syndromes.
Most intradural tumors are located within the intradural extramedullary compartment, and the most common tumors are schwannomas and meningiomas. Other less common neoplasms include neurofibroma, solitary fibrous tumor, myxopapillary ependymoma, lymphoma, metastatic leptomeningeal disease, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and paraganglioma. ⋯ MRI is the modality of choice for detecting and evaluating intradural extramedullary spinal tumors. This imaging technique helps narrow the differential diagnosis and therefore decide treatment.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2023
ReviewThe Role of 3D Printing in Treatment Planning of Spine and Sacral Tumors.
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has proven to have many advantages in spine and sacrum surgery. 3D printing allows the manufacturing of life-size patient-specific anatomic and pathologic models to improve preoperative understanding of patient anatomy and pathology. Additionally, virtual surgical planning using medical computer-aided design software has enabled surgeons to create patient-specific surgical plans and simulate procedures in a virtual environment. This has resulted in reduced operative times, decreased complications, and improved patient outcomes. Combined with new surgical techniques, 3D-printed custom medical devices and instruments using titanium and biocompatible resins and polyamides have allowed innovative reconstructions.