Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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For survivors of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral vasospasm significantly contributes to its morbidity and mortality by causing delayed ischemic neurological deficit. Noninvasive evaluation with computed tomography, transcranial doppler and single photon emission computerized tomography helps guide clinical decisions. ⋯ Encouraging long-term clinical and transcranial artery damage following angioplasty. Despite balloon angioplasty's 2% to 5% peri-procedure mortality rate, it remains under used.
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The visual pathways and the ocular motor cranial nerves are frequently injured by expanding cerebral aneurysms. Neuro-ophthalmologic signs and symptoms may be the only indications of an aneurysm prior to rupture. ⋯ Acute or chronic visual loss may herald an aneurysm in the carotidophthalmic, supra clinoid carotid, internal carotid bifurcation, or anterior communicating artery distributions. Diplopia and retro-orbital pain may be warning signs that precede the discovery of a posterior communicating, basilar, or cavernous sinus aneurysm.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 1997
ReviewNeuroimaging of AIDS. I. Central nervous system toxoplasmosis.
Toxoplasmosis is the most common cerebral mass lesion encountered in HIV-positive patients. Previously uncommon, this disease has increased markedly since the AIDS epidemic. There are occasionally unusual appearances of central nervous system toxoplasmosis that make diagnosis by standard imaging techniques difficult or impossible. More recently, MR spectroscopy has increased the ability to differentiate between various central nervous system lesions.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 1997
ReviewNeuroimaging of central nervous system tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients.
The recent resurgence of tuberculosis in the United States is in part attributable to the AIDS epidemic. Central nervous system tuberculosis has fairly specific radiographic features, and thus the alert radiologist may be the first to suggest this diagnosis. This article reviews the neuroimaging characteristics of central nervous system tuberculosis in HIV-seropositive patients, including intracranial manifestations, tuberculous spondylitis, and tuberculous arachnoiditis.
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This article provides an in-depth review of carotid endarterectomy for the treatment of occlusive carotid disease. Topics range from preoperative diagnostic assessment to postoperative complications. Key issues related to operative management, including anesthetic technique, intraoperative monitoring, cerebral protection, anticoagulation therapy, and intraluminal shunting, are emphasized. Operative techniques are discussed and illustrated in detail.