Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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We review and illustrate the radiology of facial pain, emphasizing trigeminal neuralgia, relevant anatomy, current classification, concepts about etiology, and the role of imaging and its influence on the choice of treatment. We discuss glossopharyngeal neuralgia, other neuropathic causes of facial pain, postinflammatory and neoplastic causes, and nociceptive (end-organ) causes of facial pain, as well as referred otalgia. Other conditions that may present with facial pain, including trigeminal autonomic cephalgias and giant cell arteritis, are reviewed briefly. We discuss the elements of a comprehensive MR imaging protocol to enable detection of these diverse causes of facial pain.
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The sellar and parasellar region is complex, with a unique meningeal, neural, vascular, and bony anatomy. Understanding the imaging anatomy is critical for accurate imaging interpretation. resonance (MR) imaging is the primary modality for pituitary imaging, whereas computed tomography may be used when MR imaging is contraindicated, and provides complementary bony anatomic information. This article reviews embryology and anatomy of the sellar and parasellar region. Imaging appearances of pituitary adenomas, Rathke cleft cysts, meningiomas, craniopharyngiomas, arachnoid cysts, vascular disorders, infectious abnormalities, and pituitary apoplexy are discussed and illustrated.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2021
ReviewImaging of Skull Base Trauma: Fracture Patterns and Soft Tissue Injuries.
This article provides an overview of the patterns of skull base trauma and provides a review of the pertinent soft tissue injuries and complications that can ensue. A brief review of skull base anatomy is provided with subsequent focus on the important findings in anterior, central, and posterior skull base trauma.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2021
ReviewNew and Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnostic Imaging Techniques in the Evaluation of Cranial Nerves and the Skull Base.
The skull base and cranial nerves are technically challenging to evaluate using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, owing to a combination of anatomic complexity and artifacts. However, improvements in hardware, software and sequence development seek to address these challenges. This section will discuss cranial nerve imaging, with particular attention to the techniques, applications and limitations of MR neurography, diffusion tensor imaging and tractography. Advanced MR imaging techniques for skull base pathology will also be discussed, including diffusion-weighted imaging, perfusion and permeability imaging, with a particular focus on practical applications.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2021
ReviewImaging of Acquired Skull Base Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks.
Acquired skull base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks can result from trauma, tumors, iatrogenic causes, or may be spontaneous. Spontaneous skull base CSF leaks are likely a manifestation of underlying idiopathic intracranial hypertension. ⋯ Imaging with high-resolution CT is performed to locate osseous defects, while high-resolution T2w MRI may detect CSF traversing the dura and bony skull base. When leaks are multiple or if samples of fluid cannot be obtained for testing, then recourse to invasive cisternography may be necessary.