Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2021
ReviewUtility of Preoperative Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent Functional MR Imaging in Patients with a Central Nervous System Neoplasm.
Functional neuroimaging provides means to understand the relationship between brain structure and associated functions. Functional MR (fMR) imaging can offer a unique insight into preoperative planning for central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms by identifying areas of the brain effected or spared by the neoplasm. ⋯ In patients with brain tumors undergoing neurosurgical intervention, fMR imaging can decrease postoperative morbidity. This article discusses the applications, significance, and interpretation of BOLD fMR imaging, and its applications in presurgical planning for CNS neoplasms.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2021
ReviewResting State Functional MR Imaging of Language Function.
Resting state functional MR imaging methods can provide localization of the language system; however, presurgical functional localization of the language system with task-based functional MR imaging is the current standard of care before resection of brain tumors. These methods provide similar results and comparing them could be helpful for presurgical planning. We combine information from 3 data resources to provide quantitative information on the components of the language system. Tables and figures compare anatomic information, localization information from resting state fMR imaging, and activation patterns in different components of the language system expected from commonly used task fMR imaging experiments.
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Neurovascular uncoupling (NVU) is one of the most important confounds of blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMR imaging) in the setting of focal brain lesions such as brain tumors. This article reviews the assessment of NVU related to focal brain lesions with emphasis on the use of cerebrovascular reactivity mapping measurement methods and resting state BOLD fMR imaging metrics in the detection of NVU, as well as the use of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation metrics to mitigate the effects of NVU on clinical fMR imaging activation.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2021
ReviewAdult Primary Brain Neoplasm, Including 2016 World Health Organization Classification.
In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) central nervous system (CNS) classification scheme incorporated molecular parameters in addition to traditional microscopic features for the first time. Molecular markers add a level of objectivity that was previously missing for tumor categories heavily dependent on microscopic observation for pathologic diagnosis. This article provides a brief discussion of the major 2016 updates to the WHO CNS classification scheme and reviews typical MR imaging findings of adult primary CNS neoplasms, including diffuse infiltrating gliomas, ependymal tumors, neuronal/glioneuronal tumors, pineal gland tumors, meningiomas, nerve sheath tumors, solitary fibrous tumors, and lymphoma.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2021
ReviewDynamic Brain Connectivity in Resting State Functional MR Imaging.
Dynamic functional connectivity adds another dimension to resting-state functional MR imaging analysis. In recent years, dynamic functional connectivity has been increasingly used in resting-state functional MR imaging, and several studies have demonstrated that dynamic functional connectivity patterns correlate with different physiologic and pathologic brain states. In fact, evidence suggests that dynamic functional connectivity is a more sensitive marker than static functional connectivity; therefore, it might be a promising tool to add to clinical functional neuroimaging. This article provides a broad overview of dynamic functional connectivity and reviews its general principles, techniques, and potential clinical applications.