Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2017
ReviewTen Key Observations on the Analysis of Resting-state Functional MR Imaging Data Using Independent Component Analysis.
For more than 20 years, the powerful, flexible family of independent component analysis (ICA) techniques has been used to examine spatial, temporal, and subject variation in functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging data. This article provides an overview of 10 key principles in the basic and advanced application of ICA to resting-state fMR imaging. ICA's core advantages include robustness to artifact; false-positives and autocorrelation; adaptability to variant study designs; agnosticism to the temporal evolution of fMR imaging signals; and ability to extract, identify, and analyze neural networks. ICA remains in the vanguard of fMRI methods development.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2017
ReviewApplications of Resting State Functional MR Imaging to Neuropsychiatric Diseases.
Resting state studies in neuropsychiatric disorders have already provided much useful information, but the field is regarded as being at a relatively preliminary stage and subject to several design issues that set limits on the overall utility.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2017
ReviewGraph Theoretic Analysis of Resting State Functional MR Imaging.
Graph theoretic analyses applied to examine the brain at rest have played a critical role in clarifying the foundations of the brain's intrinsic and task-related activity. There are many opportunities for clinical scientists to describe and predict dysfunction using a network perspective. ⋯ Major practices, concepts, and findings are concisely reviewed. The theoretic and practical frontiers of resting state functional MR imaging are highlighted with observations about major avenues for conceptual advances and clinical translation.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2017
ReviewMethods and Considerations for Dynamic Analysis of Functional MR Imaging Data.
Functional MR imaging (fMR imaging) studies have recently begun to examine spontaneous changes in interregional interactions (functional connectivity) over seconds to minutes, and their relation to natural shifts in cognitive and physiologic states. This practice opens the potential for uncovering structured, transient configurations of coordinated brain activity whose features may provide novel cognitive and clinical biomarkers. However, analysis of these time-varying phenomena requires careful differentiation between neural and nonneural contributions to the fMR imaging signal and thorough validation and statistical testing. In this article, the authors present an overview of methodological and interpretational considerations in this emerging field.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2017
ReviewDual-Energy Computed Tomography: Physical Principles, Approaches to Scanning, Usage, and Implementation: Part 1.
There are increasing applications of dual-energy computed tomography (CT), a type of spectral CT, in neuroradiology and head and neck imaging. In this 2-part review, the fundamental principles underlying spectral CT scanning and the major considerations in implementing this type of scanning in clinical practice are reviewed. In the first part of this 2-part review, the physical principles underlying spectral CT scanning are reviewed, followed by an overview of the different approaches for spectral CT scanning, including a discussion of the strengths and challenges encountered with each approach.