Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2024
ReviewDual-Energy Computed Tomography in the Evaluation and Management of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Intracranial Hemorrhage, and Acute Ischemic Stroke.
Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has emerged as a valuable imaging modality in the diagnosis and management of various cerebrovascular pathologies, including subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, and acute ischemic stroke. This article reviews the principles of DECT and its applications in the evaluation and management of these conditions. The authors discuss the advantages of DECT over conventional computed tomography, as well as its limitations, and provide an overview of current research and future directions in the field.
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Vasculitides are characterized by inflammation of the vessel wall, with their categorization relying on clinical and paraclinical manifestations, vessel type, size, distribution, histological attributes, and associated conditions. This review delves into the salient neuroimaging hallmarks of central nervous system vasculitis associated with the most prevalent systemic diseases and highlightings potential pitfalls and diagnostic confounders.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2024
ReviewPathology of Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System.
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare and potentially severe form of vasculitis that is limited to the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. Despite extensive research, the etiology and underlying immunologic mechanisms of PACNS remain largely unknown. PACNS presents with a variety of clinical, radiological, and pathologic features, but it is generally characterized by inflammation and destruction of the walls of blood vessels in the CNS, which can lead to tissue ischemia and/or hemorrhage. Three main histopathologic patterns have been identified, namely granulomatous, lymphocytic, and necrotizing vasculitis.