Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF) are pathologic arteriovenous shunts between meningeal arteries and dural venous sinuses or veins. They account for approximately 10% to 15% of all intracranial vascular malformations and are most common in middle-aged patients. DAVF are the most common vascular cause of pulsatile tinnitus. ⋯ The pattern of venous drainage determines the type of DAVF and their risk for hemorrhage. Endovascular treatment has become a first-line option for their management. This article describes the natural history, clinical presentation, classification, imaging features, and management options of intracranial DAVF.
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The clinical evaluation of patients with tinnitus differs based on whether the tinnitus is subjective or objective. Subjective tinnitus is usually associated with a hearing loss, and therefore, the clinical evaluation is focused on an otologic and audiologic evaluation with adjunct imaging/tests as necessary. Objective tinnitus is divided into perception of an abnormal somatosound or abnormal perception of a normal somatosound. The distinction between these categories is usually possible based on a history, physical examination, and audiogram, leading to directed imaging to identify the underlying abnormality.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2016
ReviewEndovascular Interventions for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension and Venous Tinnitus: New Horizons.
Pulsatile tinnitus from intracranial venous abnormalities is an uncommon cause of pulse synchronous tinnitus. Endovascular therapies may have applications in many of these disease conditions. ⋯ Venous stenting has been used successfully to treat venous stenoses with low complication rates and high success rates in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension though randomized controlled data are lacking. Careful exclusion of other causes of tinnitus should be performed before consideration for surgical or endovascular treatment of presumed causative lesions of venous tinnitus.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2016
ReviewImaging Interpretation of Temporal Bone Studies in a Patient with Tinnitus: A Systematic Approach.
Tinnitus is an auditory perception of internal origin. Tinnitus is not a diagnosis but a symptom with many possible causes and correspondingly divergent pathophysiologic, anatomic, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations. This article provides a summary of the imaging findings of structural causes of tinnitus.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2016
Review Meta AnalysisClinical Perspective of Carotid Plaque Imaging.
At present, patients with carotid disease are selected for invasive recanalization therapies mainly based on the degree of luminal narrowing and the presence or absence of recent ischemic symptoms. A more sophisticated risk model takes into account other clinical variables, such as age, sex, and the type of recent symptoms, as well as presence of ulcerated plaque. A growing body of evidence shows that noninvasive imaging of the carotid plaque by various methods reliably identifies structural correlates of plaque vulnerability, which are associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events.