Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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This article reviews the importance of particular radiologic findings related to facial trauma and their implications for clinical and surgical management. An emphasis is placed on critical imaging signs that warrant immediate surgical attention.
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In the clinical assessment of orbital trauma, visual acuity and extraocular muscle motility are critical for rapid evaluation of injury severity. However, assessment of these parameters may be limited by edema and concomitant injuries. ⋯ This review focuses on orbital soft-tissue injuries that can exist with or without orbital fracture. Imaging techniques and soft-tissue injuries, including those involving the anterior chamber, iris and ciliary body, lens, globe, posterior segment, and optic nerve, are reviewed, in addition to intraocular foreign bodies and cavernous-carotid fistulas.
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Basilar skull fractures are a relatively frequent occurrence in significant head trauma, and their detection is important, as even linear nondisplaced fractures can be associated with critical complications. The management of skull base fractures depends on the location and extent of these associated complications. This article reviews skull base anatomy; morphology of the common fracture patterns within the anterior, central, and posterior skull base; associated complications; imaging findings; and possible pitfalls in imaging of skull base trauma.
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Significant progress has been made recently in the recognition, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of blunt cerebrovascular vascular injury (BCVI). Although controversy still exists as to optimal screening algorithms and best diagnostic modality, the vital and growing role of noninvasive imaging in identifying patients at high risk for BCVI and in characterizing the injury itself has been clearly established. There has been promising early work in stratifying BCVI patients into risk categories by initially evaluating them with high-resolution head, maxillofacial, and cervical computed tomographic examinations with the ultimate goal of maximizing diagnostic yield and enabling prompt initiation of therapy.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2014
ReviewImaging and management of postoperative spine infection.
Imaging evaluation of postoperative spinal infection is challenging. A systematic approach and keen understanding of multimodality imaging techniques, as well as knowledge of the patient's surgical procedure and clinical presentation, are critical for the radiologist to render an accurate diagnosis. Because of the overlap between diagnostic imaging findings in the postoperative spine and the infected spine, in those situations in which the index of clinical suspicion for spine infection is high, then immediate consideration ought to be given to performing a spine biopsy.