Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2016
ReviewDetection of Vulnerable Plaque in Patients with Cryptogenic Stroke.
In up to 40% of ischemic stroke cases the etiology remains unknown. A substantial proportion of these patients has non- or only mildly stenosing carotid artery plaques not fulfilling common criteria for large artery stroke, but beeing suspicious for arterio-arteriell embolism. ⋯ Nevertheless, carotid MRI might be best suited to assess the key features of vulnerable plaques. This review article discusses potential causes of cryptogenic stroke, the role of plaque imaging in non-stenosing plaques and the association of vulnerable plaques and specific plaque features with stroke risk and stroke recurrence.
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Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory process and an integral component of myocardial infarction and stroke. Atherosclerotic plaques can be detected using ultrasonography, myocardial perfusion imaging, coronary angiography, multidetector computed tomography (CT), and MR imaging. ⋯ PET scanning using (18)F fluorodeoxyglucose. ((18)F FDG-PET) is commonly combined with CT scanning to characterize oncological processes. This review examines the role of (18)F FDG-PET/CT imaging in the characterization of atherosclerotic plaque biology.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2015
ReviewPosttreatment Imaging of the Paranasal Sinuses Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.
Endoscopic sinus surgery is a minimally invasive option for the treatment of several nonneoplastic indications, particularly for medically refractory sinusitis and polyposis. Numerous interventions can be performed through endoscopic sinus surgery, many of which may be performed together during the same procedure. ⋯ Radiological imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of patients after endoscopic sinus surgery. Thus, it is important to be familiar with the expected and complicated imaging findings associated with endoscopic sinus surgery, which are reviewed in this article.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2015
ReviewNormal Anatomy and Anatomic Variants of the Paranasal Sinuses on Computed Tomography.
It is imperative for all imaging specialists to be familiar with detailed multiplanar CT anatomy of the paranasal sinuses and adjacent structures. This article reviews the radiologically relevant embryology of this complex region and discusses the region-specific CT anatomy of the paranasal sinuses and surrounding structures. Radiologists also need to know the clinical implications of identifying preoperatively the numerous anatomic variations encountered in this region and prepare a structured report according to the expectations of the referring clinician.