American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses
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Approximately half of hospital-acquired pressure injuries identified among critical care patients are stage 1. Although stage 1 injuries are common, outcomes associated with them among critical care patients have not been examined. ⋯ Stage 1 pressure injuries worsen in about one-third of patients (32.4%). Nurses should consider maximal treatment for patients who are older or who experience alterations in oxygen delivery or perfusion.
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Benzodiazepine-based therapy for alcohol withdrawal is associated with agitation and respiratory depression. Treatment can be complicated by a need for adjunctive therapy to control these symptoms and in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Strong evidence for the effectiveness of alternative treatment modalities is lacking, despite the availability of promising pharmacological agents such as phenobarbital. ⋯ A phenobarbital protocol for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal is an effective alternative to the standard-of-care protocol of symptom-triggered benzodiazepine therapy.
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Observational Study
Using Digestive Fluid Biomarkers to Predict Acute Gastrointestinal Injury in Critically Ill Patients: A Pilot Study.
Acute gastrointestinal injury is associated with significantly increased mortality in critically ill patients. However, markers for measuring acute gastrointestinal injury are neither sensitive nor specific. ⋯ Secretory immunoglobulin A was predictive of grade III acute gastrointestinal injury. Digestive fluid markers of injury (pH, interleukin 10, and secretory immunoglobulin A) were predictors of acute gastrointestinal failure. Further study is required to determine if other markers are specific or sensitive for acute gastrointestinal injury.
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Factors affecting the timing of ventilator liberation among patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation (≥21 consecutive days) are poorly understood. After tracheostomy placement, ventilator liberation typically involves daily reductions in ventilator support as patients regain the capacity to breathe independently. ⋯ A score derived from ventilator settings may help clinicians predict the timing of ventilator liberation in patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation.