American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses
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Critically ill adults often cannot self-report pain. ⋯ Implementation of the tool increased frequency of pain assessment and appeared to influence administration of analgesics in both units.
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Improving the cost-effectiveness of health care requires an understanding of the genesis of health care costs and in particular the sources of cost variation. Little is known about how multiple physicians, caring collaboratively for patients, contribute to costs. ⋯ In an ICU care model with intensivists and subspecialty fellows, both types of physicians contributed significantly to the observed variation in discretionary costs. However, even in the presence of a hierarchical arrangement of clinical responsibilities, the influences on costs of the 2 types of physicians were independent.