The American journal of the medical sciences
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In regards to breast cancer (BC), survival or disease-free periods are still compromised mainly in Triple Negative (TN) and HER2 tumors. The participation of estrogen receptor (ER) has been reported as crucial in the signaling pathways, including the NOTCH pathway. The study was aimed to evaluate the expression of NOTCH1 and NOTCH3 in BC and its relationship with the presence of ER, as well as with relapses. ⋯ NOTCH1 and NOTCH3 were found to be overexpressed mainly in ERN tumors. HER2 and TN groups, are related to higher relapse rates. Therefore, anti-NOTCH therapy could be justified and implemented in conventional treatments of high-risk BC groups.
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This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) associated with renal tuberculosis (RT). ⋯ Our study provides evidence for the potential of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 proteins as candidate markers in the diagnosis of IgAN associated with RT.
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Evidence of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been limited due to high mortality rate but rare incidence rate. The mechanism of increased MALA in advanced CKD is mainly based on the hypothesis of decreased drug elimination, which might also be confounded by increased comorbidities as CKD progresses. The goal of the study is to analyze the incidence and associated factors of lactic acidosis between metformin user and non-user with advanced CKD. ⋯ Metformin was associated with a significant increased risk of laboratory-defined lactic acidosis (p=0.0204) even after adjusting confounder such as age, sex and underlying comorbidities. This "REMIND" study reminds us that metformin-associated lactic acidosis is mainly caused by decreased drug renal elimination other than underlying comorbidities in advanced CKD patients.