Journal of pediatric orthopedics. Part B
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A total of 230 children undergoing closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of supracondylar humerus fractures were analyzed retrospectively. Severe pain (score ≥ 7/10) was reported in 10% of general anesthesia-only patients in the postanesthesia care unit and in 28% of the 130 admitted patients. The 36 patients who received ultrasound-guided regional analgesia+general anesthesia had decreased intraoperative opioid consumption and postanesthesia care unit pain scores. ⋯ No patient developed compartment syndrome. Severe pain is frequent after closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of supracondylar humerus fractures. Further study of ultrasound-guided regional analgesia is needed.
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We encountered an iatrogenic radial nerve injury following Dorgan's lateral cross-pinning in a 5-year-old girl with a supracondylar fracture of the humerus. This prompted a cadaveric study to define a safe entry point for the proximal lateral Kirschner -wire. ⋯ The radial nerve lay farthest from the wire in the posterolateral plane, 1 and 2 cm proximal to the lateral epicondyle. We report the first incidence of radial nerve injury with lateral cross-pinning and suggest that the wire should be placed posterolaterally within 2 cm from the lateral epicondyle.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term results of a large series of paediatric patients with long bone shaft fractures who were treated with elastic intramedullary nailing. Between November 2009 and November 2010, 108 long bone shaft fractures in 102 patients were treated with elastic intramedullary nails. The number of nails used, admission time, nail diameter/medullary canal diameter ratio of the nontraumatized extremity, weeks until radiological consolidation, weeks until full weight bearing for the femur and tibia shaft fractures, weeks until the nails were removed, number of radiographs from the diagnosis time to the removal time of nail(s), clinical complications and radiological results were recorded; the union rate, time to union, nonunion, delayed union, malrotation, malalignment, follow-up time and functional outcomes (Flynn outcome scoring) were also recorded. ⋯ A nail diameter/medullary canal diameter ratio of over 0.4 showed good results; short union time, less lower extremity length discrepancy and less malalignment were recorded. When patients were informed about possible complications as well as the advantages, almost all chose the operative approach. According to our experience and opinion, elastic intramedullary nailing is the best choice for diaphyseal fractures in children with skeletal immaturity compared with other surgical choices such as osteosynthesis with a plate.
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Forearm fractures occur commonly in children; however, there is still uncertainty on what leads to conversion from conservative to operative management. Patients who initially underwent closed reduction and casting for diaphyseal forearm fractures were evaluated for predictors of conversion to operative management. We found that the 20 of 124 (16%) patients in whom there was conversion to operative management were significantly older (11.1 vs. 5.7 nonoperative), had less angulation in the anterior-posterior (or coronal) plane (20.2 vs. 12.8° for the radius, 17.5 vs. 7.8° for the ulna), had a more proximal ulnar fracture location, and had more translated or shortened radius fractures.
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Case Reports
Pyomyositis of the obturator internus muscle extending to septic arthritis of the hip in a child: a case report.
We report a case of primary pyomyositis in the obturator internus muscle. Pyomyositis involving muscles around the hip needs to be differentiated from septic arthritis because these infections show similar symptoms. ⋯ Uncontrolled pyomyosistis can cause sequelae such as septic shock, osteomyelitis of adjacent bone, and septic arthritis. Awareness of this condition will facilitate correct diagnosis and early treatment.