European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society
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The purpose of this study was to establish an animal model capable of simulating the development and decompression process of symptomatic spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH). ⋯ When the epidural pressure reaches approximately 24 mmHg, the spinal cord function occurs progressive dysfunction. Monitoring epidural pressure would be an effective approach to assist to identify the occurrence of postoperative SSEH.
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To investigate the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), with a specific emphasis on Tie2-enhanced NPCs, compared to EVs derived from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) in a coccygeal intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) rat model. ⋯ Our results underscore the regenerative potential of young NPC-derived EVs, particularly NPCTie2+-EVs, surpassing MSC-derived counterparts. These findings raise questions about the validity of MSCs as both EV sources and cellular therapeutics against IDD. The study emphasizes the critical influence of cell type, source, and culture conditions in EV-based therapeutics.