Addiction
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The non-medical use of over-the-counter or prescribed analgesics (NMUA) is a significant public health problem. Little is known about the genetic and environmental etiology of NMUA and how these risks relate to other classes of substance use and misuse. Our aims were to estimate the heritability NMUA and sources of genetic and environmental covariance with cannabis and nicotine use, cannabis and alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence in Australian twins. ⋯ In young male and female adults in Australia, the non-medical use of over-the-counter or prescribed analgesics appears to have moderate heritability. NMUA is moderately associated with cannabis and nicotine use and nicotine dependence. Its genetic etiology is largely distinct from that of cannabis and alcohol use disorders.
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People's perceptions of the harmfulness of e-cigarettes, compared with cigarettes, may influence their product use decisions. We tested if perceiving e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes predicted whether cigarette and e-cigarette dual users switched their product use status 1 year later, becoming exclusive e-cigarette users, exclusive cigarette smokers, or non-users of both product types. ⋯ US adult dual users of e-cigarettes and cigarettes who perceive e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes appear to be more likely to switch to exclusive e-cigarette use, more likely to remain dual users and less likely to switch to exclusive cigarette use 1 year later than dual users with other perceptions of e-cigarette harm.
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Completely substituting e-cigarettes (EC) for combustible tobacco cigarettes reduces exposure to toxicants and carcinogens. However, a large proportion of EC users (dual users) continue to smoke conventional cigarettes. This study aimed to compare estimated nicotine intake and e-cigarette use characteristics between exclusive EC users and dual users. ⋯ Dual e-cigarette users in France may have higher nicotine intake overall than exclusive e-cigarette users, but they may take in less nicotine from their e-cigarettes.
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Review Meta Analysis
Behavioral economic tobacco demand in relation to cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence: a meta-analysis of cross-sectional relationships.
A cigarette purchase task (CPT) aims to characterize individual variation in the reinforcing value of tobacco. This meta-analysis estimated the associations between cigarette demand, tobacco consumption and nicotine dependence using this task. ⋯ All five demand indices derived from the cigarette purchase task by (CPT) were robustly associated with cigarette consumption and tobacco dependence. Of the demand indices, maximum expenditure, intensity and elasticity exhibited the largest magnitude associations.