Addiction
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1) To investigate whether genetic liability to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), indexed by polygenic risk scores for ADHD (PRS-ADHD), is associated with substance use disorders (SUD) in individuals with ADHD. 2) To investigate whether other individual- or family-related risk factors for SUD could mediate or confound this association. ⋯ A higher genetic liability to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder appears to be associated with higher risks of substance use disorders in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
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To examine perceptions of extended-release (XR) buprenorphine injections among people who regularly use opioids in Australia. ⋯ Among regular opioid users in Australia, perceptions of extended-release buprenorphine as a good treatment option are associated with being female, recent illicit drug use and factors relating to the (in)convenience of current opioid agonist treatment.
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Pragmatic Clinical Trial
Nicotine replacement therapy sampling for smoking cessation within primary care: results from a pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial.
Within the context of busy clinical settings, health-care providers need practical, evidence-based options to engage smokers in quitting. Sampling of nicotine replacement therapy [i.e. provision of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT starter kits)] is a brief, pragmatic strategy to address this need. We aimed to compare the effects of NRT sampling plus standard care (SC), relative to SC alone, provided by primary care providers during routine clinic visits. ⋯ Providing smokers with a free 2-week starter kit of nicotine replacement therapy increased quit attempts, use of stop smoking medications and smoking abstinence compared with standard care in a primary care setting.
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Young adult college students in the United States are likely to be affected by marijuana liberalization trends. However, changes in students' marijuana use following recreational marijuana legalization (RML) have not been examined in more than one RML state at a time, or beyond 1-2 years post-legalization. ⋯ In US states that enacted recreational marijuana legislation from 2012 to 2017 there was evidence for a general trend towards greater increases in marijuana use by college students and differential impact by gender, legal using age and campus residence.
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To model the effects of a range of alcohol pricing policies on alcohol consumption in subpopulation groups (e.g. alcohol consumption pattern, and age and income groups) in Australia. ⋯ Both uniform excise tax and minimum unit price policies are predicted to reduce alcohol consumption in Australia. Minimum unit price policies are predicted to have a greater impact on drinking among harmful drinkers than moderate drinkers.