Addiction
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To determine the prevalence of corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation among patients in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) and to investigate mortality potentially attributable to QTc prolongation in the Norwegian OMT programme. ⋯ Of the methadone patients, 4.6% had QTc intervals above 500 milliseconds. The maximum mortality attributable to QTc prolongation was low: 0.06 per 100 patient-years.
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To examine the effects of processes of change (POC) on forward stage movement directly, indirectly through decisional balance and temptation, and total effects as a test of the key hypothesis of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM). ⋯ POC use was not associated generally with stage transition and evidence that effects, if missed, must be modest, giving no support to the central tenet of the TTM.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Retention in methadone maintenance drug treatment for prescription-type opioid primary users compared to heroin users.
To assess retention in methadone maintenance treatment for prescription-type opioid primary (PTOP) users compared to heroin users. ⋯ The findings of this study suggest that PTOP can be treated at methadone maintenance treatment facilities at least as effectively as heroin users in terms of treatment retention.
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To provide an overview on the nature and importance of public health approaches to the global expansion of commercial gambling. ⋯ In this new environment of mass consumption, efforts in developing treatment responses to problem gambling need to be balanced with, at least, equal efforts in developing public health responses. With the expansion of commercial gambling occurring globally, international agencies could play a critical role in supporting public health initiatives.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Repeated high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex reduces cigarette craving and consumption.
To evaluate the effect of repeated high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), combined with either smoking or neutral cues, on cigarette consumption, dependence and craving. ⋯ Multiple high-frequency rTMS of the DLPFC can attenuate nicotine craving.