Anaesthesia
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Pain on injection of propofol is a common problem, the cause of which remains unknown. The chemical properties and preparation of propofol, proposed mechanisms for the cause of the pain and clinical strategies to prevent pain on injection of propofol are reviewed in the hope of shedding some light on the subject.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
The efficacy of ginger root in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after outpatient gynaecological laparoscopy.
To determine the anti-emetic effect of ginger as compared to droperidol, 120 patients scheduled to have gynaecological diagnostic laparoscopy as day cases were randomly allocated into placebo, droperidol, ginger and ginger plus droperidol groups to receive either 2 g of ginger or 1.25 mg of droperidol or both. There were no significant differences in the incidences of postoperative nausea which were 32%, 20%, 22% and 33%, and vomiting which were 35%, 15%, 25% and 25% in the four groups, respectively. We conclude that ginger powder, in the dose of 2 g, droperidol 1.25 mg or both are ineffective in reducing the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after day case gynaecological laparoscopy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Anaesthesia and the QT interval. Effects of isoflurane and halothane in unpremedicated children.
The effects of isoflurane and halothane on the QT interval were investigated during induction of anaesthesia. Fifty-one unpremedicated, ASA grade 1 children were studied. Anaesthesia was induced with either isoflurane (n = 25) or halothane (n = 26) and was maintained to the end of the study with end-tidal concentrations of between 2.5% and 3%. ⋯ In the halothane group, one child developed repolarisation changes while arrhythmias were observed in 10 children. There were no adverse sequelae. It is concluded that halothane may be a better anaesthetic agent than isoflurane for use in children with a prolonged QT interval.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Anaesthetic induction time for tracheal intubation using sevoflurane or halothane in children.
The current study was designed to determine the anaesthetic induction time required for tracheal intubation (TimeEI) with equipotent inspired concentrations of 5% sevoflurane and 2.5% halothane in oxygen. TimeEI that prevents 50% and 95% of patients from coughing and gross purposeful muscular movements after intubation was defined as TimeEI50 and TimeEI95, respectively. Thirty-six patients aged 1-7 years were enrolled in the study. ⋯ Determination with this method revealed that TimeEI50 and TimeEI95 for the sevoflurane/halothane groups were 147/214 s and 194/255 s, respectively. In conclusion, it is possible to determine TimeEI using an inspired sevoflurane concentration of 5% and halothane 2.5% in oxygen. The technique with 5% sevoflurane seems more practical for paediatric anaesthesia induction in busy clinical situations.
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The cuffed oropharyngeal airway is a new disposable airway based on the Guedel oral airway. It has an asymmetrical cuff which provides a seal as well as lifting the base of the tongue forwards, and a 15-mm connector allowing attachment to an anaesthetic breathing system. ⋯ The advantage is that ventilation is maintained throughout the intubating sequence. We describe its use in a patient with oropharyngeal carcinoma.