Anaesthesia
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There is no standard colour code for intravenous cannulae in the United Kingdom. A questionnaire was sent to the manufacturers to compile a table of available cannulae, and to assess their views and plans with regard to colour coding. Present moves to establish an international standard are outlined. A simple colour coding standard is proposed.
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Comment Letter Comparative Study
Epidural or general anaesthesia for caesarean section?
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
The effect of diltiazem on the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation.
The efficacy of diltiazem in the attenuation of the cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation was studied in patients who received 0.2 or 0.3 mg/kg diltiazem 60 seconds before the start of laryngoscopy. These data were compared with a control group who received saline. ⋯ These increases after tracheal intubation were reduced in diltiazem-treated patients compared with those of the control group (p less than 0.05). The data suggest that a bolus injection of diltiazem is a simple, practical and effective method to attenuate the hypertensive response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Postoperative nefopam and diclofenac. Evaluation of their morphine-sparing effect after upper abdominal surgery.
The aim of the study was to assess the relative morphine-sparing effects of nefopam and diclofenac when used singly or in combination after upper abdominal surgery. Eighty-four patients of ASA grade 1 or 2 were allocated randomly to one of three groups. Group A received nefopam 20 mg by intramuscular injection 6 hourly after surgery for the 24-hour study period. ⋯ Morphine requirements in the diclofenac group were significantly lower than in either of the other groups (p less than 0.01). Patients who received the combination of nefopam and diclofenac required significantly less morphine than those who received nefopam alone (p less than 0.01). Pain scores assessed 6 hours after surgery were significantly lower in the diclofenac and combination groups compared with the nefopam group (p less than 0.01).
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
The effect of diclofenac and nefopam on postoperative dental pain.
Eighty-two outpatients who received general anaesthesia for surgical removal of maxillary or mandibular third molars were given either diclofenac 75 mg or nefopam 20 mg intramuscularly for postoperative pain control. They and the control group were also allowed oral paracetamol as required. The results showed that there was no significant pain relief from these single intramuscular injections.