Der Anaesthesist
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
[Ondansetron versus droperidol. Postoperative treatment against nausea and vomiting. Comparison of action, adverse effects and acceptance by gynecologic inpatients].
Ondansetron is more effective than a placebo in treating postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), but it has not been proved to be superior to established antiemetics for prophylaxis or therapy. We compared ondansetron vs droperidol for the treatment of PONV. ⋯ Ondansetron (8 mg) and droperidol (1.25 mg) proved to be equally effective when used as a postoperative antiemetic. Both drugs showed similar side-effects. Due to differences in methods it was difficult to compare our results to those obtained in other studies.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
[Glucose-xylitol 35% (1:1) versus glucose 40%. Effectiveness and metabolic effects after major surgery].
Injury and stress are accompanied by a characteristic hormonal response and altered energy utilisation. Hyperglycaemia and negative nitrogen (N) balance are the leading symptoms of the metabolic changes in the post-operative state. In a prospective, randomised study the efficacy and metabolic effects of glucose-xylitol (GX) 35% (1:1) versus glucose (G) 40% were investigated in patients undergoing major surgery. ⋯ Similar blood G profiles were in accordance with comparable glucagon and insulin levels. Because of the high standard deviations of N balances, differences in efficacy could not be proven. A significantly lower level of pseudocholinesterase (PCHE) for G40% on day 7 might indicate enhanced hepatic protein synthesis in the GX group.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
[The effect of different types of anesthetic respirators on oxygenation and ventilation in infants during short-term anesthesia. A study using transcutaneous PO2 and PCO2 monitoring].
Monitoring of ventilation in infants is difficult and often not very reliable. In this study, transcutaneous measurement of blood gas tensions was used to investigate the influence of four different modes of ventilation on oxygenation and ventilation in anaesthetized infants. METHODS. ⋯ The group-specific differences in degree of dysventilation with manual ventilation show that the type of breathing system is important with regard to the size of the tidal volume delivered. Thus, tidal volumes will be unintentionally increased by the high fresh gas flow needed when a T-piece system is used. The lower flow and preadjusted pressure limit may prevent the delivery of excessive tidal volumes with the paediatric circuit system...
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Modern medicine has succeeded in achieving enormous technical developments. One recent highlight has been the introduction of postmortem organ transplantation. At the same time, serious objections have been raised concerning the radical changes in the cultural conception of the inviolable body. ⋯ The beneficiary of the treatment is not the donor, but another person, the recipient. The concept of human dignity does not allow the use of a person for purposes other than the ones he/she consents to, as Immanual Kant stated. Although the human corpse is not a person in the full sense, even if it is protected by the thought of respect for the former person, the life-interest of the organ recipient had to be considered legitimate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare, life-threatening pharmacogenetic disease. The genetic incidence is estimated to be 1:10,000. In predisposed individuals, MH is triggered by volatile anaesthetics and/or depolarizing muscle relaxants by an abnormal increase of intracellular calcium concentration in skeletal muscle cells. ⋯ In some MH families, a genetic alteration of the ryanodine receptor gene (a calcium channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum) on chromosome 19 has been identified as the potential cause of MH susceptibility. Recent molecular biological findings support the view of MH being a heterogenetic disease. At present, the diagnosis in potentially MH-susceptible individuals is still made using the in vitro halothane and caffeine muscle contracture test.