Der Anaesthesist
-
Case Reports
[Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome : Challenge for diagnostics and intensive care therapy].
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a disease of unclear incidence frequently affecting middle aged women and is usually associated with use of adrenergic or serotoninergic substances. The exclusion of relevant differential diagnoses, such as aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, primary cerebral angiitis, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and carotid artery dissection is critical in terms of time and significance. ⋯ Because the exact pathophysiology remains unknown, a specific therapy does not exist. This poses significant challenges in intensive care medicine, which are illustrated on the basis of the case study presented.
-
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-induced angioedema usually follows an uneventful clinical course; however, if upper airway structures are involved, life-threatening complications may develop. Thus, affected patients should be carefully monitored in an intensive care unit and, if need be, the airway has to be secured early on. This case report discusses diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in a patient with suspected ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema, who had initially been admitted for neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy of rectal cancer.
-
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is caused by a change in cardiac repolarization due to functional ion channel dysfunction which is associated with an elongation of the QT interval (hence the name) in the electrocardiogram and a predisposition to cardiac rhythm disorders (e.g. torsade de pointes, TdP) as well as cardiac events up to sudden cardiac death. There is a congenital (cLQTS) and an acquired (aLQTS) form of the disease. The prevalence of cLQTS is 1 in 2000 but aLQTS is much more common and includes a grey area due to many asymptomatic patients. ⋯ Considering the prevalence of both aLQTS as well as cLQTS the importance of the LQTS seems to be underestimated in current perioperative care. Potential perioperative risks of such patients can be significantly reduced by appropriate patient management. This includes adequate preoperative preparation, the correct choice of anesthetic medication as well as adequate perioperative monitoring and preparedness for immediate pharmaceutical and electrical intervention in case of typical cardiac rhythm disturbances, such as TdP arrhythmia.