Der Anaesthesist
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Chronic stress and high workload in physicians can lead to loss of interest, emotional exhaustion and finally in burnout syndrome. This can cause serious consequences not only for the physicians personally and their own health by developing extensive health impairments, e.g. depression, suicide, substance abuse and poor self-care but also for patient care, reflected in an increase of medical errors, longer recovery times, lower care quality and consequently lower patient satisfaction. Additionally, it can also have negative effects on the healthcare system by reduced productivity, increased physician turnover and thereby higher costs. ⋯ An MBSR-based intervention in combination with short exercises during and after work can be implemented in daily work of anesthetists at a university hospital. Furthermore, there was clear evidence that the intervention program increased resilience and reduced burnout symptoms for up to 6 months. These findings are in line with the literature that MBSR reduces risk of burnout symptoms. The decrease in well-being might be biased by a high amount of socially accepted answers at the beginning of the study (t0).
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Measurement of blood pressure is part of standard monitoring procedures in anesthesia, in addition to the other vital parameters of heart frequency and peripheral oxygen saturation. In recent years the relevance of the duration and extent of perioperative episodes of hypotension for the occurrence of postoperative complications or even increased mortality have become the focus of scientific investigations. ⋯ Perioperative hypotension is defined by either absolute systolic arterial pressure (SAP) or mean arterial pressure (MAP) thresholds and by relative blood pressure declines from an individual preoperative baseline value. For the definition of absolute and relative thresholds it needs to be considered that the ultimate target is an adequate perfusion pressure (and not the MAP) and that the preinduction blood pressure is a poor reflection of the patients' normal blood pressure profile. Risk factors for an intraoperative drop in blood pressure are advanced age, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status, low blood pressure prior to induction of anesthesia, the premedication, e.g. angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, the anesthesia technique (combination of general and epidural anesthesia) and emergency surgery. The lowest tolerable intraoperative blood pressure should be defined according to the individual patient's preoperative blood pressure and risk profile. Individual thresholds should be determined for the severity and duration of intraoperative hypotension. Empirically, MAP values <65 mm Hg and relative pressure declines of >20-30% are often recommended as thresholds. Below critical blood pressure values the risk of postoperative organ damage (myocardium, kidneys and central nervous system) and mortality increases with longer duration of hypotension. Older people and high-risk patients (e.g. patients in vascular surgery) have a poorer and shorter tolerance of low blood pressure. Postoperative organ complications can be minimized by maintenance of an adequate intraoperative blood pressure CONCLUSION: Anesthesiologists should avoid extensive and prolonged hypotension by timely interventions in order to improve the postoperative outcome of patients.
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The term anaphylaxis describes a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It is caused by an acute, systemic immune response to substances against which in most cases a previous sensitization has taken place. An anaphylactic reaction can affect every organ system of the human body. ⋯ Therefore, it is important to know the possible perioperative triggers of anaphylaxis, for instance neuromuscular blocking agents and antibiotics. The treatment has to be initiated quickly to save the life of the patient. The rapid injection of epinephrine and intravenous fluid administration are most important.