Der Anaesthesist
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Review Comparative Study
[Comparison of algorithms for management of the difficult airway].
Management of the difficult airway and maintenance of the oxygenation are the most important tasks of the anaesthetist. Respiratory problems are still the most important single cause for anaesthesia-related accidents with poor outcome. Algorithms are step-wise procedures developed from a great number of recommendations and are well suited to automation and training procedures. ⋯ This strongly depends on local circumstances and personal preferences. Daily practice is the condition for the successful use in an emergency situation. The management is easier if one uses a simple algorithm and as few instruments as possible.
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A 35-years old gravida IV and para II underwent caesarean section because of fetal distress following induction of labour. During operation the patient developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), severe haemorrhage and shock necessitating massive blood transfusion,hysterectomy with pelvic packing, and high-dose catecholamines. Ultimately, recombinant factor VIIa was given to control bleeding. ⋯ At present, no therapy has been found to consistently improve outcomes in women with AFE. Patients who survive the initial insult are at high risk for multiple organ failure. The mortality of AFE remains high.
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First observations that opioids may have disadvantageous effects on the immune response have been made more than 100 years ago. Today the immunosuppressive effect of morphine is well established. Drug-induced immunomodulation is of growing importance in modern anesthetic concepts. ⋯ A final statement regarding the clinical relevance of opioid-induced immunosuppression cannot be made at this point, since the existing clinical data are preliminary and inconclusive. Therefore, further clinical studies are mandatory to elucidate the influence of opioid treatment on immune regulation in different clinical settings in anesthesia, critical care, pain therapy and emergency medicine. Further investigations may help to not only provide sufficient analgesia by application of opioids, but also to assess advantages and disadvantages on immune function.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the use and application of muscle relaxants and neuromuscular monitoring in Germany. ⋯ The survey regarding use of muscle relaxants in Germany could for the first time give an overview on the use of anaesthesia-specific substances in Germany. From the different frequencies of use and use modalities,conclusions could be drawn towards a standard of application for the year 2000. Changes in this standard would raise the need for further trend surveys. The methods of statistical analysis and survey evaluation can be used as a base for further surveys.