Der Anaesthesist
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
[The effect of low droperidol dosages on postoperative anxiety, internal tension, general mood and PONV].
Droperidol even in low doses such as 0.5 mg to 1.25 mg can increase postoperative anxiety and state of tension. The aim of this study was to determine whether these side effects occur frequently following low-dose droperidol and to see whether these are dose related. ⋯ In gynaecological laparoscopy under general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation, we recommend droperidol 0.625 mg in the prevention of PONV, as it reduces PONV as well as 2.5 mg with no severe sedation in this dosage. Psychological side effects did not occur more frequently after droperidol compared to placebo in any of the investigated dosages.
-
Clinical Trial
[Preoperative changes in fluid filtration capacity in patients undergoing vascular surgery].
Patients undergoing major vascular surgery frequently require a substantial intraoperative fluid replacement to assure hemodynamic stability, which is in excess of the expected fluid requirements due to starving, blood and insensible losses. This leads to a positive fluid balance which can not be readily explained. ⋯ The data presented suggests an increase in extravascular fluid loss in patients undergoing vascular surgery, which becomes evident after the induction of general anaesthesia or completion of epidural anaesthesia. The positive correlation with the intraoperative fluid requirements may partially explain the often reported large intraoperative fluid requirements of patients undergoing AAA repair. The fact that the maximum change in fluid filtration capacity is found postoperatively may be explained by the additional effect of an ischemia/reperfusion injury in response to both the clamping an declamping of the artery and the increase in arterial blood flow to the limb due to the successful reconstruction of the blood vessel.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Desflurane or isoflurane for paediatric ENT anaesthesia. A comparison of intubating conditions and recovery profile.
The inhaled anaesthetic desflurane is characterized by a rapid wash-in and wash-out and may be useful for short paediatric ENT procedures. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the effects of desflurane or isoflurane on intubating conditions and recovery characteristics in paediatric ENT patients. ⋯ Following an intravenous induction improved intubating conditions, shorter recovery times and the lack of airway complications make desflurane a suitable alternative to isoflurane for paediatric ENT anaesthesia.
-
Due to its low solubility and the high maximum concentration delivered by the vaporizer sevoflurane is especially suitable for the performance of low flow anaesthetic techniques. High flow phases for wash-in or wash-out of anaesthetic gases can be kept short, the difference between the volatile's concentration in the fresh gas and within the breathing system is comparatively small, and the time constants are short even during low flow anaesthesia. The monitoring, required to sufficiently ensure the safety of the patients, corresponds to the current obliging technical safety standards. ⋯ Thoroughly the use of sevoflurane with dry soda lime must be avoided, as this volatile in an extreme exothermic reaction is absorbed nearly totally and degraded to a considerable degree by dry carbon dioxide absorbent. The gaseous degradation products are pungent and possibly may be harmful to the patients. Only by low flow anaesthesia the use of sevoflurane will gain an economically and ecologically acceptable range of efficiency.
-
Sevoflurane is a viable alternative to propofol and desflurane for both induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia in the ambulatory setting. As a result of sevoflurane's lack of respiratory irritant properties, it provides for a smooth induction and prompt emergence from outpatient anaesthesia. In addition, the relatively low incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting facilitates "fast-tracking" after ambulatory surgery. Although no single anaesthetic agent is ideal, when sevoflurane is combined with other adjunctive drugs it can produce excellent surgical conditions for a wide variety of ambulatory surgical and diagnostic procedures.