Archives of medical research
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After the initial outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic (now called COVID-19)-in Wuhan, China-and its subsequent fast dispersion throughout the world, many questions regarding its pathogenesis, genetic evolution, prevention, and transmission routes remain unanswered but fast explored. More than 100,000 confirmed, infected cases within a relatively short period of time globally corroborated the presumption that a pandemic will develop; such a pandemic will require a suite of global intervention measures. Consequently, different countries have reacted differently to the COVID-19 outbreak, but a uniform global response is necessary for tackling the pandemic. ⋯ Barring the live-animal trade at the markets; revising the regulations and rules of customs, import or export across borders; supporting and expediting projects to develop vaccines and antiviral drugs; immediate quarantine of the involved regions; and also producing and supplying a large number of protective facemasks and preventing its stockpiling or smuggling are the main actions suggested to deal with the present or a forthcoming COVID-19 outbreaks. Increasing numbers of infected cases had heightened concerns about the public health and welfare. Thus, preparing for the next probable pandemic of COVID-19 demands scrutinization of the lessons we have learnt so far.
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Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Comparative Global Epidemiological Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV Diseases Using Meta-MUMS Tool Through Incidence, Mortality, and Recovery Rates.
COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that was reported by the world health organization in late December 2019. As an unexplained respiratory disease epidemic, which is similar to respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS-CoV, it rapidly spread all over the world. The study aims to compare several parameters of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV infectious diseases in terms of incidence, mortality, and recovery rates. ⋯ The meta-analysis and forest plots of two viral world infections showed that the incidence rate of COVID-19 infection is more than SARS infections, while recovery and mortality event rates of SARS-CoV are more than COVID-19 infection. And subgroup analysis showed that the mortality and recovery rates were higher in both SARS-CoV wand COVID-19 in comparison to incidence and mortality rates, respectively. In conclusion, the meta-analysis approach on the abovementioned dataset revealed the epidemiological and statistical analyses for comparing COVID-19 and SARS-CoV outbreaks.
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The outbreak of Novel Coronavirus is causing an intensely feared globally. World Health Organization has even declared that it is a global health emergency. ⋯ The sudden increase demand on face mask has caused manufacturers the inability to not provide enough products in a short time and the situation properly will stay the same for a period of time. In this article, we aim to give an idea on how to save the number of face masks used but still provides the same protective values using a Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) mask and a common surgical facemask.
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Multicenter Study
Possible Cause of Inflammatory Storm and Septic Shock in Patients Diagnosed with (COVID-19).
The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection which has been known as Coronavirus diseases 2019 COVID-19 has become an endemic emergent situation by the World Health Organization. So far, no successful specific treatment has been found for this disease. ⋯ Herein, we have reviewed possible molecular pathways of septic shock in the patients who have received antibiotics with inflammatory properties which mainly is release of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF- α) through different routes. Altogether, we highly recommend clinicians to look after those antibiotics with anti-inflammatory activity for both empiric antibiotic therapy and reducing the inflammation to prevent septic shock in patients with diagnosed COVID-19.
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Resveratrol modulates the transcription factor NF-κB, cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP1A1, expression and activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, Fas/Fas ligand mediated apoptosis, p53, mTOR and cyclins and various phospho-diesterases resulting in an increase in cytosolic cAMP levels. Cyclic AMP, in turn, activates Epac1/CaMKKβ/AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway that facilitates increased oxidation of fatty acids, mitochondrial respiration and their biogenesis and gluconeogenesis. Resveratrol triggers apoptosis of activated T cells and suppresses tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and other pro-inflammatory molecules and inhibits expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that may explain its anti-inflammatory actions. ⋯ Thus, there is an overlap in the beneficial actions of resveratrol, PUFAs and BDNF suggesting that these molecules may interact and augment synthesis and action of each other. This is supported by the observation that resveratrol and PUFAs modulate gut microbiota and influence stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Since resveratrol is not easily absorbed from the gut it is likely that it may act on endocannabinoid and light, odor, and taste receptors located in the gut, which, in turn, convey their messages to the various organs via vagus nerve.