Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
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Comparative Study
Association of direct helicopter versus ground transport and in-hospital mortality in trauma patients: a propensity score analysis.
Helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) transport of trauma patients has been used for decades. Its use, however, is still a subject of debate, including issues such as high costs, increasing numbers of crashes, and conflicting results regarding effectiveness in reducing mortality. The aim of this study was to examine whether mode of transport (HEMS vs. ground EMS) is independently associated with mortality among trauma patients transported directly from the scene of injury to definitive care. ⋯ Helicopter EMS transport was associated with a decreased hazard of mortality among certain patients transported from the scene of injury directly to definitive care. Refinements in scene triage and transport guidelines are needed to more effectively select patients that may benefit from HEMS transport from those unlikely to benefit.
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Multicenter Study
Emergency severity index triage system correlation with emergency department evaluation and management billing codes and total professional charges.
All services provided by physicians to patients during an emergency department (ED) visit, including procedures and "cognitive work," are described by common procedural terminology (CPT) codes that are translated by coders into total professional (physician) charges for the visit. These charges do not include the technical (facility) charges. The objectives of this study were to characterize associations between Emergency Severity Index (ESI) acuity level, ED Evaluation and Management (E&M) billing codes 99281-99285 and 99291, and total ED provider charges (sum of total procedure and E&M professional charges). Secondary objectives were to identify factors that might affect these associations and to evaluate the performance of ESI and identified variables to predict E&M code and average total professional charges. ⋯ A moderate, nonlinear correlation exists between ESI acuity levels and ED E&M billing codes. Increasing age affects this correlation. Race and E&M code affect the correlation between ESI level and total professional charges. As such, basic triage data can be used to estimate E&M code and total professional charges. Future studies are needed to validate these findings across other institutional settings.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The association between emergency medical services field performance assessed by high-fidelity simulation and the cognitive knowledge of practicing paramedics.
The objective of this study was to assess the association between the performance of practicing paramedics on a validated cognitive exam and their field performance, assessed on a simulated emergency medical services (EMS) response. ⋯ This study simultaneously assessed cognitive knowledge and simulated field performance. Utilization of these measurement techniques allowed for the assessment and comparison of field performance and cognitive knowledge. Results demonstrated an association between a practicing paramedic's performance on a cognitive examination and field performance, assessed by a simulated EMS response.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of experimental chest compression data to a theoretical model for the mechanics of constant peak displacement cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
The objective was to validate an existing theoretical model for the mechanics of constant peak displacement cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using experimental data taken using various back support surfaces at different chest compression (CC) rates. ⋯ Good quantitative agreement between the experimental data and the theoretical model suggests that the constant peak displacement CPR model provides reasonable prediction of CC mechanics during CPR over a wide range of CC rates. Conflicts in the literature are also explained by showing that backboards can significantly enhance CPR CC performance when the back support stiffness is less than 250 N/cm, while for surfaces with higher stiffness, the benefit of using a backboard is reduced.
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Case Reports
The low rate of bacterial meningitis in children, ages 6 to 18 months, with simple febrile seizures.
This evidence-based review examines the risk of bacterial meningitis as diagnosed by lumbar puncture (LP) in children presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a simple febrile seizure. The study population consists of fully immunized children between ages 6 and 18 months of age with an unremarkable history and normal physical examination. ⋯ The sample size of the studies included in this review is too small to draw any definitive conclusion. However, their findings suggest that that the risk of bacterial meningitis in children presenting with simple febrile seizure is very low.