Shock : molecular, cellular, and systemic pathobiological aspects and therapeutic approaches : the official journal the Shock Society, the European Shock Society, the Brazilian Shock Society, the International Federation of Shock Societies
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This study tested the hypothesis that preactivated and disaggregated shape-changed platelet (PreD-SCP) therapy attenuates lung injury from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by 100% oxygen inhalation and complicated by sepsis through peritoneal administration of 1.5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ⋯ PreD-SCP therapy effectively improved lung injury in ARDS complicated by sepsis.
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To evaluate whether selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) attenuates organ dysfunction in critically ill burn patients. ⋯ The beneficial effect of SDD on mortality in critically ill burned patients is accompanied by a reduction in the degree of organ dysfunction. SDD seems to be a valuable therapeutic strategy to prevent organ dysfunction and, more specifically, respiratory and hematological dysfunction in severely ill burn patients.
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Although the role of TLR4 in driving inflammation and organ injury after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (H/R) is well established, the role of TLR2-another receptor for damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules-is not. In this study, we used a combination of TLR2 and wild type (WT) mice treated with anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to discern the contribution of TLR2 relative to TLR4 to the systemic inflammatory response in murine H/R. ⋯ These data also support the conclusion that TLR2 and TLR4 act in concert as important receptors in the host immune response to H/R.
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Melioidosis, caused by the gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a common cause of community-acquired sepsis in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. The NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream product interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) have been proposed to play crucial roles in melioidosis. In this study, we characterized the role of IL-1β more closely and we assessed its therapeutic potential. ⋯ Expression of caspase-1, NLRP3, and ASC is altered in melioidosis patients. In mice, both NLRP3 and ASC contribute to the host defense against melioidosis. Anti-IL-1β treatment protects mice against B pseudomallei infection and might be a novel treatment strategy in melioidosis.