Shock : molecular, cellular, and systemic pathobiological aspects and therapeutic approaches : the official journal the Shock Society, the European Shock Society, the Brazilian Shock Society, the International Federation of Shock Societies
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Multicenter Study
Relative Efficacies of HBOC-201 and Polyheme to Increase Oxygen Transport Compared to Blood and Crystalloids. "2017 Military Supplement".
Because total hemoglobin in circulation ([THb]) is an established predictor of clinical outcomes in anemic individuals, the relative efficacies of resuscitation fluids to increase [THb] can be used to design better hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC) clinical trials. ⋯ Greater anemia in subjects randomized to HBOC-201 was consistent with the relative efficacies of HBOC-201 and pRBCs to increase [THb] and may have contributed to more SAEs in the HBOC arm of HEM-0115 and greater long-term mortality in the PolyHeme trial.
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Perftoran, which has been rebranded as Vidaphor for marketing in North America, is an emulsion of perfluorocarbons in a surfactant and electrolyte mixture. It was developed in Russia as an oxygen-carrying intravenous plasma additive for hemorrhagic anemia and ischemic conditions from various etiologies. It was approved for clinical use in Russia in 1996 and used by the Russian Armed Forces and in civilian medical care. ⋯ It has been safely administered to more patients than any oxygen carrier currently under development. A newly formed United States Corporation (FluorO2 Therapeutics, Inc.) intends to manufacture the product in the United States under GMP standards and make it available for clinical use in Mexico and Latin America and pursue research to support eventual approval in the United States for human and veterinary use. This article will briefly review key information about this product and provide references for the interested reader.
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In blood, the primary role of red blood cells (RBCs) is to transport oxygen via highly regulated mechanisms involving hemoglobin (Hb). Hb is a tetrameric porphyrin protein comprising of two α- and two β-polypeptide chains, each containing an iron-containing heme group capable of binding one oxygen molecule. In military as well as civilian traumatic exsanguinating hemorrhage, rapid loss of RBCs can lead to suboptimal tissue oxygenation and subsequent morbidity and mortality. ⋯ Several of these HBOCs have undergone rigorous preclinical and clinical evaluation, but have not yet received clinical approval in the USA for human use. While these designs are being optimized for clinical translations, several new HBOC designs and molecules have been reported in recent years, with unique properties. The current article will provide a comprehensive review of such HBOC designs, including current state-of-the-art and novel molecules in development, along with a critical discussion of successes and challenges in this field.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Incidence, Patient Characteristics, Mode of Drug Delivery, and Outcomes of Septic Shock Patients Treated with Vasopressors in the Arise Trial.
To describe the utilization of vasopressors (VP) in patients enrolled in the Australasian Resuscitation In Sepsis Evaluation (ARISE) trial, and to explore the association between time to VP and 90-day mortality. ⋯ 50% of the ARISE cohort commenced VP within 4.4 h of ED presentation, and many did so prior to central venous access. Earlier initiation of VP was associated with greater crude and adjusted 90-day mortality.