American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyFosfomycin/tobramycin for inhalation in patients with cystic fibrosis with pseudomonas airway infection.
Fosfomycin/tobramycin for inhalation (FTI), a unique, broad-spectrum antibiotic combination, may have therapeutic potential for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). ⋯ FTI maintained the substantial improvements in FEV(1) % predicted achieved during the AZLI run-in and was well tolerated. FTI is a promising antipseudomonal therapy for patients with CF.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyThe influence of bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine strain on the immune response against tuberculosis: a randomized trial.
Approximately 100 million doses of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine are given each year to protect against tuberculosis (TB). More than 20 genetically distinct BCG vaccine strains are in use worldwide. Previous studies suggest that BCG vaccine strain influences the immune response and protection against TB. Current data on which BCG vaccine strain induces the optimal immune response in humans are insufficient. ⋯ There are significant differences in the immune response induced by different BCG vaccine strains in newborn infants. Immunization with BCG-Denmark or BCG-Japan induced higher frequencies of mycobacterial-specific polyfunctional and cytotoxic T cells and higher concentrations of Th1 cytokines. These findings have potentially important implications for global antituberculosis immunization policies and future tuberculosis vaccine trials.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyDiesel exhaust exposure and nasal response to attenuated influenza in normal and allergic volunteers.
Diesel exhaust enhances allergic inflammation, and pollutants are associated with heightened susceptibility to viral respiratory infections. The effects of combined diesel and virus exposure in humans are unknown. ⋯ Short-term exposure to diesel exhaust leads to increased eosinophil activation and increased virus quantity after virus inoculation in those with allergic rhinitis. This is consistent with previous literature suggesting a diesel "adjuvant" effect promoting allergic inflammation, and our data further suggest this change may be associated with reduced virus clearance.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00617110).