American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2014
ReviewAn official american thoracic society statement: diagnosis and management of beryllium sensitivity and chronic beryllium disease.
Beryllium continues to have a wide range of industrial applications. Exposure to beryllium can lead to sensitization (BeS) and chronic beryllium disease (CBD). ⋯ Medical surveillance in workplaces that use beryllium-containing materials can identify individuals with BeS and at-risk groups of workers, which can help prioritize efforts to reduce inhalational and dermal exposures.
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2014
Controlled Clinical TrialRisk Assessment of Tuberculosis in Immunocompromised Patients - A TBNET Study.
In the absence of active tuberculosis, a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) result defines latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, although test results may vary depending on immunodeficiency. ⋯ Among immunocompromised patients evaluated in this study, progression toward tuberculosis was highest in HIV-infected individuals and was poorly predicted by TST or IGRAs. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00707317).
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialNon-Invasive Saliva-Based EGFR Gene Mutation Detection in Lung Cancer Patients.
Constitutive activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is prevalent in epithelial cancers, particularly in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Mutations identified in EGFR predict the sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapy. Detection of these mutations is mainly based on tissue biopsy, which is invasive, expensive, and time consuming. ⋯ Our data indicate that EFIRM is effective, accurate, rapid, user-friendly, and cost effective for the detection of EGFR mutations in the saliva of patients with NSCLC. We termed this saliva-based EGFR mutation detection (SABER).
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2014
Early Respiratory Infection is Associated with Reduced Spirometry in Children with Cystic Fibrosis.
Pulmonary inflammation, infection, and structural lung disease occur early in life in children with cystic fibrosis. ⋯ The onset of lung disease in infancy, specifically the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infection, is associated with low lung function in young children with cystic fibrosis. Deficits in lung function measured in infancy persist into childhood, emphasizing the need for targeted therapeutic interventions in infancy to maximize functional outcomes later in life.
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2014
Heartbeat Evoked Potentials During Sleep and Daytime Behavior in Children with Sleep Disordered Breathing.
Event-related brain potentials allow probing of cortical information processing, but when evoked with externally induced stimuli may disrupt sleep homeostasis and do not provide insight into intrinsic cortical information processing. To investigate if cortical processing of intrinsic information in children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is different from healthy children and, if so, whether it resolves with treatment, we used heartbeat as a source of interoceptive event-related brain potentials. ⋯ Children with SDB displayed reduced HEP amplitude during sleep, which might be indicative of changes in afferent sensory inputs to the brain and/or signify differences in sensory gating of cardiac-related information in the insular cortex. Adenotonsillectomy appears to reverse this effect.