American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2016
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyIntra-tracheal Administration of Budesonide/Surfactant to Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is an important complication of mechanical ventilation in preterm infants, and no definite therapy can eliminate this complication. Pulmonary inflammation plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis, and glucocorticoid is one potential therapy to prevent BPD. ⋯ In very-low-birth-weight infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome, intratracheal administration of surfactant/budesonide compared with surfactant alone significantly decreased the incidence of BPD or death without immediate adverse effect. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT-00883532).
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2016
Lung Clearance Index and Structural Lung Disease on Computed Tomography in Early Cystic Fibrosis.
The lung clearance index is a measure of ventilation distribution derived from the multiple-breath washout technique. It has been suggested as a surrogate for chest computed tomography to detect structural lung abnormalities in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF); however, the associations between lung clearance index and early structural lung disease are unclear. ⋯ These data suggest that lung clearance index may be a useful surveillance tool to monitor structural lung disease in preschool and school-age children with CF. However, lung clearance index cannot replace chest computed tomography to screen for bronchiectasis in this population.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2016
Diagnostic Yield and Complications of Bronchoscopy for Peripheral Lung Lesions: Results of the AQuIRE Registry.
Advanced bronchoscopy techniques such as electromagnetic navigation (EMN) have been studied in clinical trials, but there are no randomized studies comparing EMN with standard bronchoscopy. ⋯ Peripheral TBNA improved diagnostic yield for peripheral lesions but was underused. The diagnostic yields of EMN and r-EBUS were lower than expected, even after adjustment.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2016
Outcomes of Childhood Asthma and Wheezy Bronchitis - a 50-year Cohort Study.
Cohort studies suggest that airflow obstruction is established early in life, manifests as childhood asthma and wheezy bronchitis, and continues into early adulthood. Although an association between childhood asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in later life has been demonstrated, it is unclear if childhood wheezy bronchitis is associated with COPD. ⋯ Childhood wheezy bronchitis and asthma are associated with an increased risk of COPD and reduced ventilatory function.