American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2016
Observational StudyLong-Term Ozone Exposure Increases the Risk of Developing the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
The contribution of air pollution to the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is unknown. ⋯ Long-term ozone exposure is associated with development of ARDS in at-risk critically ill patients, particularly in trauma patients and current smokers. Ozone exposure may represent a previously unrecognized environmental risk factor for ARDS.
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2016
Mutations of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Gene Cause a Monocyte-selective Adhesion Deficiency.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common genetic disease caused by mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Persistent lung inflammation, characterized by increasing polymorphonuclear leukocyte recruitment, is a major cause of the decline in respiratory function in patients with CF and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. CFTR is expressed in various cell types, including leukocytes, but its involvement in the regulation of leukocyte recruitment is unknown. ⋯ Altogether, these data highlight the critical regulatory role of CFTR in integrin activation by chemoattractants in monocytes and identify CF as a new, cell type-selective leukocyte adhesion deficiency disease, providing new insights into CF pathogenesis.
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2016
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyA Randomized Trial of an Intensive Physical Therapy Program for Acute Respiratory Failure Patients.
Early physical therapy (PT) interventions may benefit patients with acute respiratory failure by preventing or attenuating neuromuscular weakness. However, the optimal dosage of these interventions is currently unknown. ⋯ An intensive PT program did not improve long-term physical functional performance compared with a standard-of-care program. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01058421).
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2016
Desmoplakin (DSP) Variants are Associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.
Sequence variation, methylation differences, and transcriptional changes in desmoplakin (DSP) have been observed in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). ⋯ Sequence variants in DSP are associated with IPF, and rs2076295 genotype is associated with differential expression of DSP in the lung. DSP expression is increased in IPF lung and concentrated in the airway epithelia, suggesting a potential role for DSP in the pathogenesis of IPF.