American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2016
Interleukin 25 Receptor Expression on Airway Dendritic Cells After Allergen Challenge in Asthmatic Subjects.
IL-25 is an epithelial-derived cytokine, whose effects are mediated by the IL-25 receptor (IL-17RB), and that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic disease and airway viral responses. Airway myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells. pDCs may play a protective role in asthma and are key players in the innate immune response through recognition of microbial products via Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The effects of inhaled allergens on the expression of IL-17RB by mDCs and pDCs, and the effects of IL-25 on pDCs, are unknown. ⋯ IL-17RB is up-regulated on blood and sputum mDCs and pDCs after allergen inhalation. IL-25 modulates pDC function through an effect on TLR9 expression.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2016
NOX2 Activation of NKT Cells is Blocked by Adenosine A2A Receptor to Inhibit Lung Reperfusion Injury.
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury after lung transplantation, which affects both short- and long-term allograft survival, involves activation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and activation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells to produce IL-17. Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) agonists are known to potently attenuate lung IR injury and IL-17 production. However, mechanisms for iNKT cell activation after IR and A2AR agonist-mediated protection remain unclear. ⋯ NOX2 plays a key role in inducing iNKT cell-mediated IL-17 production and subsequent lung injury after IR. A primary mechanism for A2AR agonist-mediated protection entails inhibition of NOX2 in iNKT cells. Therefore, agonism of A2ARs on iNKT cells may be a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2016
Microbiota Promotes Chronic Pulmonary Inflammation by Enhancing IL-17A and Autoantibodies.
Changes in the pulmonary microbiota are associated with progressive respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Whether there is a causal relationship between these changes and disease progression remains unknown. ⋯ Collectively, our data indicate that host-microbial cross-talk promotes inflammation and could underlie the chronicity of inflammatory lung diseases.