American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Sep 2016
Effect of Sleep-Disordered Breathing Severity on Cognitive Performance Measures in a Large Community Cohort of Young School-Aged Children.
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children is associated with cognitive challenges. However, potential associations between SDB severity and neurocognitive function, as well as the presence of an SDB cutoff, have not been fully explored. ⋯ This large community-based sample of children highlights the significant deleterious impact of SDB, particularly in children with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, and also that even snoring alone affects neurocognitive function. By affecting developing capabilities, as illustrated by cognitive measures in a severity-graded manner, SDB could adversely impact children's capacity to attain academic and adaptive goals, ultimately hampering their ability to reach independence. Our findings support the need for increased awareness of SDB, with particular emphasis on children with more severe obstructive sleep apnea.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Sep 2016
Practice GuidelineOfficial American Thoracic Society/Japanese Respiratory Society Clinical Practice Guidelines: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Diagnosis and Management.
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare cystic lung disease that primarily affects women. The purpose of these guidelines is to provide recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of LAM. ⋯ Evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with LAM are provided. Frequent reassessment and updating will be needed.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Sep 2016
Changes in Energy Metabolism After Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Disrupted energy homeostasis in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may lead to weight gain. Paradoxically, treating OSA with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may also promote weight gain, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. ⋯ Although a reduction in BMR after CPAP predisposes to a positive energy balance, dietary intake and eating behavior had greater impacts on weight change. These findings highlight the importance of lifestyle modifications combined with CPAP. Clinical trial registered with http://www.umin.ac.jp/english/ (UMIN000012639).