American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2017
Immune Response and Mortality Risk Relate to Distinct Lung Microbiomes in HIV-Pneumonia Patients.
The potential role of the airway microbiota in dictating immune responses and infection outcomes in HIV-associated pneumonia is largely unknown. ⋯ These data provide evidence that compositionally and structurally distinct lower airway microbiomes are associated with discrete local host immune responses, peripheral metabolic reprogramming, and different rates of mortality.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2017
Multicenter StudyMortality due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Burden and Risk Factors.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of hospitalization and an important cause of death in infants in the developing world. The relative contribution of social, biologic, and clinical risk factors to RSV mortality in low-income regions is unclear. ⋯ RSV was the most frequent cause of mortality in low-income postneonatal infants. RF and death due to RSV LRTI, almost exclusively associated with prematurity and cardiopulmonary diseases in industrialized countries, primarily affect term infants in a developing world environment. Poor outcomes at hospitals are frequent and associated with the cooccurrence of bacterial sepsis and clinically significant pneumothoraxes.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2017
Non-invasive Ventilation of Patients with ARDS: Insights from the LUNG SAFE Study.
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is increasingly used in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The evidence supporting NIV use in patients with ARDS remains relatively sparse. ⋯ NIV was used in 15% of patients with ARDS, irrespective of severity category. NIV seems to be associated with higher ICU mortality in patients with a PaO2/FiO2 lower than 150 mm Hg. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 02010073).
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2017
Randomized Controlled TrialThe Role of Exercise in a Weight-loss Program on Clinical Control in Obese Adults with Asthma: a RCT.
Clinical control is difficult to achieve in obese patients with asthma. Bariatric surgery has been recommended for weight loss and to improve asthma control; however, the benefits of nonsurgical interventions have been poorly investigated. ⋯ Adding exercise to a short-term weight-loss program should be considered as a useful strategy for achieving clinical control of asthma in obese patients. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 02188940).