American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2018
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase Domain-8: A Novel Protective Proteinase in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
ADAM8 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-8) is expressed by leukocytes and epithelial cells in health, but its contribution to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown. ⋯ Adam8 deficiency increases CS-induced lung inflammation, emphysema, and airway mucus cell metaplasia. Strategies that increase or prolong ADAM8's expression in the lung may have therapeutic efficacy in COPD.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2018
Neonatal Pulmonary Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Predicts Short-Term Clinical Outcomes.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a serious neonatal pulmonary condition associated with premature birth, but the underlying parenchymal disease and trajectory are poorly characterized. The current National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)/NHLBI definition of BPD severity is based on degree of prematurity and extent of oxygen requirement. However, no clear link exists between initial diagnosis and clinical outcomes. ⋯ Quiet-breathing neonatal pulmonary MRI can independently assess structural abnormalities of BPD, describe disease severity, and predict short-term outcomes more accurately than any individual standard clinical measure. Importantly, this nonionizing technique can be implemented to phenotype disease, and has potential to serially assess efficacy of individualized therapies.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2018
Nitric Oxide Decreases Acute Kidney Injury and Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease after Cardiac Surgery.
No medical intervention has been identified that decreases acute kidney injury and improves renal outcome at 1 year after cardiac surgery. ⋯ In patients undergoing multiple valve replacement and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass, administration of nitric oxide decreased the incidence of acute kidney injury, transition to stage 3 chronic kidney disease, and major adverse kidney events at 30 days, 90 days, and 1 year. Clinical trial registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01802619).
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2018
Macrophage Rac2 Is Required to Reduce the Severity of Cigarette Smoke-induced Pneumonia.
Cigarette smoking is prevalent in the United States and is the leading cause of preventable diseases. A prominent complication of smoking is an increase in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Although LRTIs are known to be increased in subjects that smoke, the mechanism(s) by which this occurs is poorly understood. ⋯ These observations suggest that therapies to maintain Rac2 activity in lung macrophages restore host defense against respiratory pathogens and diminish the prevalence of LRTIs in subjects that smoke.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Nov 2018
Letter Observational StudyMUC5B Promoter Polymorphism and Development of ARDS.