American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Mar 2018
Lung Microbiota is Related to Smoking Status and to Development of ARDS in Critically Ill Trauma Patients.
Cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients after severe trauma; however, the mechanisms underlying this association are unknown. ⋯ After severe blunt trauma, a history of smoking is related to lung microbiota composition, both at the time of ICU admission and at 48 hours. ARDS development is also correlated with respiratory microbial community structure at 48 hours and with taxa that are relatively enriched in smokers at ICU admission. The data derived from this pilot study suggest that smoking-related changes in the lung microbiota could be related to ARDS development after severe trauma.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Mar 2018
Association between Household Air Pollution Exposure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Outcomes in 13 Low- and Middle-Income Country Settings.
Forty percent of households worldwide burn biomass fuels for energy, which may be the most important contributor to household air pollution. ⋯ Household air pollution exposure was associated with a higher prevalence of COPD, particularly among women, and it is likely a leading population-attributable risk factor for COPD in resource-poor settings.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Mar 2018
Obstructive Sleep Apnea During Rapid Eye Movement Sleep and Cardiovascular Disease.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during REM sleep is a common disorder. Data on whether OSA that occurs predominantly during REM sleep is associated with health outcomes are limited. ⋯ Severe OSA that occurs primarily during REM sleep is associated with higher incidence of a composite cardiovascular endpoint, but in only those with prevalent cardiovascular disease.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Mar 2018
Reliability and minimal clinically important differences of forced vital capacity: Results from the Scleroderma Lung Studies (SLS-I and SLS-II).
To assess the reliability and the minimal clinically important differences (MCID) for FVC% predicted in the Scleroderma Lung Study I and II. ⋯ FVC% has acceptable test-retest reliability, and we have provided the MCID estimates for FVC% in SSc-ILD based changes at 12 months from baseline in two clinical trials. Clinical trial registration available at www.clinicaltrials.gov, IDs NCT00004563 and NCT00883129.