American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Apr 2018
Multicenter StudyEvaluating UK National Guidance for Screening of Children for Tuberculosis. A Prospective Multicenter Study.
To identify infected contacts of tuberculosis (TB) cases, the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommended the addition of IFN-γ release assays (IGRA) to the tuberculin skin test (TST) in its 2006 TB guidelines. Treatment for TB infection was no longer recommended for children who screened TST-positive but IGRA-negative. ⋯ In this low-prevalence setting we saw no incident cases of TB disease in children who were TST-positive but IGRA-negative and did not receive treatment for TB infection. Following the latest NICE guidance, significantly more children will require medication.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Apr 2018
Letter Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyGastric Banding Surgery versus CPAP for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Apr 2018
Risk Trajectories of Readmission and Death in the First Year after Hospitalization for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Characterization of the dynamic nature of posthospital risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is needed to provide counseling and plan clinical services. ⋯ Discharge from the hospital is associated with prolonged risks of readmission and death that vary with need for ventilator support. Interventions limited to the first month after discharge may be insufficient to improve longitudinal outcomes.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Apr 2018
Novel Method for Noninvasive Sampling of the Distal Airspace in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
A major barrier to a more complete understanding of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pathophysiology is the inability to sample the distal airspace of patients with ARDS. The heat moisture exchanger (HME) filter is an inline bacteriostatic sponge that collects exhaled moisture from the lungs of mechanically ventilated patients. ⋯ These data suggest that HMEF is a novel, noninvasive method to accurately sample the distal airspace in patients with ARDS.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Apr 2018
Comparative StudyUnproven and Expensive before Proven and Cheap: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation versus Prone Position in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
We identified 810 reports that describe extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and 61 fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The authors of 26 (43%) reports responded to e-mail requests for confirmation (or clarification). Based on the aggregate (published and e-mailed) information, unambiguous data were available relating to 17 papers. ⋯ The proportion of all venovenous ECMO patients in whom prone positioning was used before ECMO was lower in studies published after 2013 (84 of 452 [19%]) than in those published before 2013 (116 of 210 [55%]) (P < 0.05). These data suggest a systematic bias in the reporting of outcomes after ECMO in the literature. The vast majority of reported patients who received ECMO did not first receive therapy that (in contrast to ECMO) is simple, cheap, and of proven benefit; therefore, inferences about the efficacy of ECMO in ARDS are of limited use.