American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Oct 2020
Comparative StudyRole of TL1A/DR3 Axis in the Activation of ILC2s in Eosinophilic Asthmatics.
Rationale: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are critical for type 2 inflammation. In murine models of asthma, some ILC2s remain activated in the absence of epithelial cell-derived cytokine signaling, implicating alternate stimulatory pathways. DR3 (death receptor 3), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is expressed on ILC2s. ⋯ The highest levels were detected in subjects with severe asthma with airway autoimmune responses. C1q+ immune complexes from the sputa of subjects with severe asthma with high autoantibody levels stimulated TL1A production by monocytes. Conclusions: The TL1A/DR3 axis is a costimulator of ILC2s in asthma, particularly in the airways of patients with a predisposition to autoimmune responses.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Oct 2020
Aerosol Generation from the Respiratory Tract with Various Modes of Oxygen Delivery.
Rationale: Aerosol generation with modes of oxygen therapy such as high-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation is a concern for healthcare workers during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The amount of aerosol generation from the respiratory tract with these various oxygen modalities is unknown. Objectives: To measure the size and number concentration of particles and droplets generated from the respiratory tract of humans exposed to various oxygen delivery modalities. ⋯ Measured aerosol concentration did not significantly increase with the use of either humidified high-flow nasal cannula or noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation. This was the case during normal breathing, talking, deep breathing, and coughing. Conclusions: Oxygen delivery modalities of humidified high-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation do not increase aerosol generation from the respiratory tract in healthy human participants with no active pulmonary disease measured in a negative-pressure room.